Business Capstone Project Strategy and Model

Question: Depict about the Business Capstone Project for Strategy and Model. Answer: Presentation The introduction depends on the examination of the block after the shake in the Erie Group. The introduction will feature the presentation and status of the organization, regardless of whether it has improved or decay. The introduction will show the colleague included or lost. Further, there will be a clarification of the explanation of progress of decrease in the Erie bunch because of stirring up. Procedure and models utilized by Erie will be trailed by change and effect. Organization Status after Shake up Expansion after purge After the purge organization thought of executing new vital model. The executed vital model will additionally support the organization, in improving the situation of the organization in since quite a while ago run. Organization needs to recuperate its situation for accomplishing development of the association, which can be accomplished by the usage of the key model. Explanations behind progress Incorporated Product Development should be actualized for coordinating the improvement in the item. Besides, there are different ways for improving the item, fundamental for which are given beneath: Greater venture should be in the exploration advancement, procedure, and item improvement period of the organization. Improvement in the strategy for handling the product[1]. Advanced item models ought to be actualized for catching and building up the market. Procedure Adjusted Vital models utilized: There are some vital models that will be actualized for advancing the item in the market just as catching the piece of the pie. The model utilized for Erie will PESTEL Analysis and Michael Porters Five Forces, these models will help the organization over the long haul just as short run. Erie will be further actualizing these models for improving satisfying the objectives and goal. The organization will be further actualizing a solid advertising plan for advancing the product[2]. PESTEL Analysis will clarify political, financial, social, mechanical, ecological and legitimate part of the organization. The model will concentrate on checking the full scale condition and factors affecting. The outcome will be dissected in the wake of doing SWOT Analysis of the organization will be examined in the wake of doing finish assessment of the organization. Michael Porters Five Forces investigation will be assess the aftereffect of the business under the organization and with explicit system of th e business. Industry competition will be clarified with the assistance of bartering intensity of the providers, danger of New Entrants, danger of substitute as dealing intensity of the purchasers. Switch because of shake-up: Income level of organization has seen tremendous variety from 2016-2022 which are given as follows: In 2016, it has been seen that organization has adequate store from the activity of the business, however an organization has a negative parity in the money related action of the organization. In 2017, it has been seen that Erie has improved the situation of negative financing movement. In addition, the organization has adequate degree of account and a great deal of money related charges in 2017. In 2018, the organization has a blending mix of 2016 and 2017 in all the action of the organization. From the year 2019 to 2022, it has been seen that negative parity is available in the venture action. In 2023, putting away segment of the income has developed enormous with negative equalization. In 2024, Financing movement of the organization has improved from the past it is on the grounds that may the organization must have hot benefit because of selling of the some fixed resource. End From the general investigation of the organization, it has been seen that because of the usage of the item the organization can't create a sufficient measure of benefit. It has been additionally seen that organization should put more concentrate on the key models utilized above for breaking down the turn of events and execution period of the item. It has been seen that organization had immense negative parity in the year 2019, which has improved when. Reference list Kotler, Philip, Kevin Lane Keller, Delphine Manceau, and Aurlie Hmonnet-Goujot.Marketing the board. Vol. 14. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2015. Mullins, J., Walker, O.C. furthermore, Boyd Jr, H.W., 2012.Marketing administration: A vital dynamic methodology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

A rundown: When Scout was six, Dill (Charles Baker Harris) stays with his auntie and turns out to be old buddies with the Finches. The kids in Maycomb invest all their free energy of summer attempting to get Boo (Arthur) Radley come out of his home. None of the kids have ever observed the secretive man that lives nearby, however they never discover that he is really quieted down in this house. After the mid year is finished, Scout enters school and stumbles into difficulty since she definitely realizes how to peruse and to compose. She is in every case continually getting into battles with young men like Walter Cunningham, the child of a poor rancher. During that year, Scout and her more seasoned sibling Jem start to discover things in an opening in a tree on the Radley property as they pass it going to and from school. The following summer, Dill returns and the three proceed with their arrangements to make Boo Radley rise up out of his home. They attempt to utilize an angling rod sh aft to stick a note onto one of the windows of the Radleys. One night they chose to sneak up to one of the windows to have a look inside. Jem arrives at the yard when a shadow shows up and them three run for their lives similarly as a shotgun impact is heard. Jem gets captured vacillating by his jeans so he needs to sneak out of them so as to get away. Later he attempts to go get the jeans that he lost and is apprehensive. Somewhat later Scout hears that the jeans were patched peculiarly and lying going back and forth. The following fall, the kids make their first snowman. During this virus spell, Miss Maudie's home burns to the ground and Scout and Jem need to remain outside for dread that their home may likewise burn to the ground. While they are shuddering vulnerable, somebody folds a cover over scout without their knowing it. All signs point to Boo Radley putting the cover around her. About this time, the kids start to hear in the town that their dad is a nigger-darling. Atticus cautions his kids never to quarrel over this, yet at Christmas time when one of Scout's cousins makes a similar proclamation, she bloodies his nose. That Christmas, the two kids get air rifles yet they are given directions that they should never slaughter a <a href=http://www.

GLOW Book Club To the Time Machine!

GLOW Book Club To the Time Machine! I binged Netflixs new show GLOW because its pretty impossible not to. I was drawn in by the 80s setting and stayed for the charactersmostly down on their luck or looking for their place in this world (L.A.) ladies. While I know I watched at least some of the original episodes of Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling as a kid (You dont need to be a wrestling fan at all or know the original show to love Netflixs GLOW.) I dont really have much of a memory of it. My friend, on the other hand, remembers it playing before Rhonda Shears Up All NightIf you remember that show you just read the Up all squeaked-up. I have no clue if this is an accurate memory on her part or how we sometimes blend childhood memories together as adults, but I do know she was super excited in her remembering watching Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling with her cousins and we spent a lot of time gushing over the new show. Netflixs GLOW isnt a remake, but rather a fictional imagining inspired by Gorgeous Ladies of Wrestling and its awesome and everything I didnt know I wanted. It also left me with a deep desire to hang with these ladies, so Im packing up a DeLorean that I saw on eBay with books and traveling to the 80s to give these ladies some reads and to hang out and try out some wrestling moves, of course. Mild spoilers ahead, maybe? GLOW book club: Sheila the She-wolf: Oh Sheila, my little wolf, Im so happy youve found a place in this world where the true inside-you can shine. And for those times the other ladies want to hug you or talk too much to you and not give you the space a lone wolf needs, heres the audiobook The Devourers by Indra Das. Whats this iPhone loaded with audiobooks, you ask? Well talk about that later right now all you need to know is this intense, original, and brutal story about a professor and the half-werewolf he meets is everything you want to read right now. I look forward to your thoughts, Wolf. Oh, and when youre done with that you have to read Emil Ferris My Favorite Thing is Monsters. Seriously, the girl identifies with monsters and I think youd totally understand each other. Tamme ´ Dawson: Dawson, you look good in the ring! Like maybe youve done this before? *wink-wink. Clearly youre athletic and know how to put on a good show, so Im handing you a new (in 2017) comic series SLAM!  (because not only are you awesome in the wrestling ring, but I know youd be awesome at roller derby, too). Yes, I am trying to tell you that Id pay money to both watch you wrestle and slam some ladies while on skates! Debbie Egan: We dont know each other, so rather than totally invading your personal space and hugging you Im going to hand you the audiobook Heartburn by Nora Ephron, narrated by Meryl Streep. You can talk to Wolf over there about the whole whats an iPhone? thing, but the important thing is I think Ephrons novel, which is what she wrote in response to catching her husband cheating on her while pregnant, will be like having a friend that can totally commiserate with you. Plus, its Nora Ephron, so even if its dealing with sad, frustrating, anger-inducing life moments, itll still be funny. Cherry Bang: Trying to make it as an actress is hard! I know because Ive read a lot of actor memoirs and they generally struggle a lot, for many years, before finding success. I think Taraji P. Henson has a lot of valuable life stories in her Around the Way Girl audiobookI know you dont know who she is, but Im from the future and I promise shes a big deal and had to work her ass off to get to where shes at. Just be warned youre going to want to immediately be her best friend as soon as youre done with her memoir. Ruth Wilder: You wouldnt happen to be related to a Joan, would you? Shes a romance novelist, had a rough trip through Colombia recently? You may want to ask your parents Anyhoo, while you keep trying to figure out your life and your gigantic misstep, I have 32 Candles by Ernessa T. Carter for you. Its a novel about a girl who runs away (in the 80s!) and grows up having to pave her own way while learning a bunch of valuable lessons. Her name is Davidia Jones and I think youd really enjoy getting to know her plus she ends up being great at giving advice. Arthie Premkumar: Between studying, having to help out your roommate with her hardcore crush, and being given a character to portray that fans the Islamophobia flames, you look like you need a break! So I brought you Sandhya Menons When Dimple Met Rishi because it is a totally delightful novel about a young Indian woman and man beginning their career paths while possibly finding love. Maybe Dimple’s tenacityor the Bollywood dancingwill inspire you to demand a better character and more time in the ring. Carmen Wade: Youre so awesome and already come with the passion for wrestling many of the other women dont get, but its a shame that your family doesnt get it. Well they get the wrestling passionbig timethey just dont get the part about letting you follow your dreams. Id like to share with you one of my all-time favorite comic series where the girls/women are awesome and they save themselves, usually while butting heads with family members: Princeless by Jeremy Whitley. Sam Sylvia: I have no idea who thought youd be the best person for this job, but here we are apparently, so sit down and watch your head cause Im going to throw some books at you and youre not getting up until youve read them all and fully absorbed the information. Ready? Here comes:  You Cant Touch My Hair: And Other Things I Still Have to Explain by Phoebe Robinson; Trainwreck: The Women We Love to Hate, Mock, and Fear and Why by Sady Doyle; Shrill: Notes from a Loud Woman by Lindy West; You Dont Have to Like Me: Essays on Growing Up, Speaking Out, and Finding Feminism by Alida Nugent; Here We Are: Feminism for the Real World by Kelly Jensen. You can ignore all the things about technology and shows, etc., that you may not understand yet, just focus on the actual messages. Think Im going to hang out here in the 80s for a bit to learn some wrestling moves and keep book clubbing with the GLOW ladies. I can already feel my hair tripling in size. Save Save Save Save Save Save Save Save Save Save Save Save Save Save

Rosa Parks Impact On History - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 530 Downloads: 10 Date added: 2019/03/27 Category Politics Essay Level High school Tags: Rosa Parks Essay Did you like this example? Rosa Parks, one of the most monumental women in United States history. Rosa Parks really helped remove segregation in America and was a Civil Rights Activist during the 1940s and continued until the end of segregation. Rosa Louise McCauley was born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama to mother Leona and father James McCauley. Leona was an elementary school teacher for over 40 years, Mr. McCauley was a carpenter in Montgomery, Alabama, even though Rosa was born in Tuskegee, she grew up in Montgomery. Rosa went to high school at Highlander Folk HS, where she did very well as a student. She would later go to Alabama State for Teachers as she thought she wanted to teach alike her mother did. She ended up dropping out as her grandmother became very ill. Parks also recalls many incidents where racism occurred, one of her most memorable was when her Grandmother stood at the house door with a shotgun as the KKK walked out in front of their house. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Rosa Parks Impact On History" essay for you Create order Rosa Parks enjoyed attending church with her family, and was also a participant in the African Methodist Episcopal Church. And before she went to public school, she was homeschooled, and would take many vocational and educational classes. She had taken interest in teaching because of her mother. Rosa also loved school, unfortunately she had started at the age of 11 years old because of Jim Crow laws, and also had to drop out early. As an African-American woman in the 1930-50s, life was very hard. As Jim Crow laws and segregation were impossible to ignore and really affected her quality of life. Gender equality was also not existent at her point in time. Knowing this, Rosa still had to work to provide for herself. This would one day lead to the famous Montgomery Bus Boycott. Montgomery was a place of radical racial segregation and was incredibly hard to live in for any black person. On December 5, 1955, Rosa was coming back from work, and was taking the bus back home when she had sat down after a hard and long day at work. A white man at a bus stop walked on to the bus and ordered Rosa to leave, Rosa refused. This led to Rosa being imprisoned, many African-Americans in Montgomery decided to stand up with Rosa, and went on strike with the Bus Company. The African-American community didnt take the bus and instead walked for 380 days, until the law that not matter your race you can sit down on a bus. Rosa Parks became a symbol for the struggle for civil rights. Due to severe harassment by bigots, she and her family were forced to leave Alabama and move to Michigan, but she continued to promote civil rights for the rest of her life. She received many honors, including the Presidential Medal of Freedom and the Congressional Gold Medal. She only had used her platform to push for equality for African-Americans and had solidified herself in history as one of the most influential people in the ending of Jim Crow laws. Unfortunately, Rosa Parks passed away on October 24, 2005 in Detroit, Michigan. Rosas impact will always be engraved and never forgotten is United States history.

The Ghost Of Old Hamlet - 1466 Words

The ghost of Old Hamlet is an important part of Shakespeare’s Hamlet, but the ghost does not appear to all of the characters. The audience first sees the ghost when it appears before Horatio and the watchmen, Bernardo and Marcellus, who are both minor characters who do not play a major role in the play. Hamlet also sees the ghost later, and the audience only hears the ghost speak in interactions between him and Hamlet. However, because the ghost’s words are not real, it also brings forth the question how Hamlet suspects that Claudius poisons Old Hamlet through his ear. However, the ghost is invisible to Gertrude, the wife of Old Hamlet, even though the ghost loves Gertrude. The fact that Gertrude is unable to witness the ghost brings forth the question of the ghost’s existence, and also makes the audience wonder the reason the ghost does not show up in the play after the meeting between Hamlet and Gertrude. The nonexistence of the ghost’s words also chang es how the audience perceives the end of the play, as revenge changes from the father’s wish to the son’s desire. Therefore, Gertrude’s inability to see the ghost of Old Hamlet suggests that the ghost that appears before Hamlet when he talks to Gertrude does not exist, unlike the ghost that the characters see at the start of the play, and with this interpretation, it portrays Hamlet as a closer foil to Laertes, and changes the play to a tragedy in which a man tries to honor his father. Bernardo, Marcellus, and Horatio,Show MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Ghost In Hamlet761 Words   |  4 Pagesstories, ghosts play an important part in the plot, as they enhance the reader’s view of the characters and the events that take place. The play, Hamlet, written by William Shakespeare, in 1609, explores the theme of ghosts and real people living around them. The play is about Prince Hamlet, whose father was murdered during his sleep by his brother, Claudius, who later became the king and married Prince Hamlet’s mother. Throughout the play, Hamlet wants to take revenge, and the ghost guides Hamlet toRead MoreMurder and Marriage in William Shakespeares Hamlett1312 Words   |  5 PagesShakespeare’s play Hamlet, this is Hamlet’s reality. Hamlet’s uncle, Claudius, killed his father, Old Hamlet, the king of Denmark, and then his mother, Gertrude, and uncle got married approximately two months later. The effects of these morbid events are substantial on the young prince’s psyche. Later, the ghost of Old Hamlet appears to Hamlet and commands him to exact vengeance for what Claudius has done and murder the new king. This makes Hamlet desperate for revenge, so intermittently, Hamlet soliloquizesRead MoreThe Ghost O f The Late King Hamlet1374 Words   |  6 PagesAlthough some may think the ghost of the late King Hamlet in William Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet is a demon, but the truth is that Hamlet’s father didn t reveal himself to anyone besides Hamlet because he knew his son would avenge his death allowing him to receive divine in Heaven. Throughout the Elizabethan Era no one in that time period knew how much of an influence they would have on all of the world. In Caffery’s words, â€Å"[The] Elizabethan Era was a period of time from 1558 to 1603 known asRead MoreAmbition In Hamlet Essay910 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent is much more approachable. In The Tragedy of Hamlet, William Shakespeare investigates the ethical choice of being individualistic or containing a specific selflessness towards others, which may bring about unfortunate results. Hamlet, in order to eliminate the predicament of following his ambition towards independence, takes action against his meaningful relationships with the likes of the King/Queen, Old Hamlet, and Ophelia. Hamlet is faced with the choice of pursuing his desires or keepingRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Hamlet - Tainted Justice1426 Words   |  6 PagesRahul Sehrawat Ms. Piacente ENG4U1-07 Friday, May 20, 2016 Tainted Justice In William Shakespeare’s Hamlet, one of the major themes is justice. Hamlet, the prince of Denmark, vows to avenge his father’s murder and does so in Act 5, scene 2 by killing Claudius. This play can be seen as a trial and after tracing the courtroom imagery, it can be concluded that justice is served in Act 5, scene 2. In order for a trial to commence, there has to be some form of disruption. Shakespeare leaves no stoneRead MoreHamlet- William Shakespeare1252 Words   |  5 Pagesappearance of a ghost. As the men are about to hear the story from Barnardo; a ghost enters and exits. Horatio says that the ghost has the same appearance of old King Hamlet. The men begin to talk about the action being taken within Denmark, as the ghost enters once again. Horatio asks it to speak and identify itself; the ghost begins to leave. Horatio asks for it to return but it does not. All the men agree to tell Prince Hamlet about the ghost. A ceremony begins; the King, Queen, Prince Hamlet and theirRead MoreHamlet As A Tragic Hero1305 Words   |  6 Pages Sympathy is a feeling of sorrow, pity, or understanding of someone else’s misfortune. Hamlet, in this case, is the tragic hero due to many different sources that cause the reader to have an immense amount of sympathy for him. A series of events such as mur der, failed relationships, and all the madness, created the feeling of sympathy from the audience. These specific sources cause the reader to see the development of the overall themes of deceit, justice, and revenge. Deceit is one of the mainRead MoreThe Ghost Is a Useful Dramatic Device; Essay1444 Words   |  6 PagesDuring the Elizabethan period, a ghost was seen as a common feature in most tragedy plays. Shakespeares Hamlet is a prime example of the use of a `ghost to entice fear and apprehension amongst the Elizabethan audience. The ghost can be seen as projecting several functions throughout the play, all of which are vital to the plays ultimate impact. An Elizabethan audience were highly superstitious, held Roman Catholic beliefs of purgatory and were extremely fearful of afterlife and the uncertaintyRead MoreAnalysis of Shakespeares Hamlet720 Words   |  3 PagesCharacter analysis of Hamlet, Ghost, Horatio: Act 1, Scenes 1-5 The story of Hamlet is so famous, it is easy to forget that at the beginning of the play, Hamlet is unaware of the fact that his father was murdered by his uncle. Hamlet begins the play a depressed, angry young man who is barely able to conceal the fact that he despises his new stepfather for marrying his mother so soon after his beloved fathers demise. However, he has no proof that his uncle did anything wrong at first. In fact, theRead MoreThe Sanity Of Shakespeare s Hamlet793 Words   |  4 Pagesspecifically the play Hamlet, for years without end. It is apparent that the character Hamlet, in Shakespeare’s Hamlet, maintains his sanity. Few experts believe that Hamlet’s insanity is clearly demonstrated by his actions. Some scholars believe that Hamlet proves to be undoubtedly insane during various situations. Maurice Baudin states, in â€Å"The Rà ´le of the Ghost† from Modern Language Notes, that the scene where Hamlet and Gertrude are in the bedroom conversing only Hamlet sees the ghost suggests Hamlet’s

Digital Comm Tutorial Free Essays

string(29) " stability of 1 part in 107\." The process of quantisation introduces an error or noise component into the quantised signal. Derive an equation for the mean-squared quantisation error in terms of the quantization interval ‘a’. ii) Hence show that the peak signal-to-quantisation noise ratio (SQNR) is SQNR = ( 6n + 4. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Comm Tutorial or any similar topic only for you Order Now 8 ) dB Where 2 n is the number of quantisation levels. b)i) Linear quantisation is used prior to binary PCM encoding of an analogue baseband signal which has a uniform probability density function. The signal-to-quantisation noise ratio must be no less than 35 dB. How many binary bits are required to code each quansation level? ii) If the bit rate is 104 bits per second, what should be the maximum bandwidth of the analogue signal prior to sampling? Q2. a)i) Explain how nonlinear quantisation can be used to reduce the number of levels required to quantise a signal. ii) Explain why logarithmic quantisation is preferred. iii) What types of signal is most suitable to be processed by non-linear quantisation? b) Sketch the A-law companding curved. Explain why companding is used in voice transmission systems. c) Show that the dynamic range of the logarithmic portion of the A-law compander is 38. dB and that the improvement in signal to quantisation noise ratio realized for small signals, compared with linear quantisation , is 24 dB. d) For an 8-bit A-law companded PCM system, calculate the SQNR obtainable and the PCM bit rate. Assume the sampling frequency is 8 KHz. Q3. a) Explain (qualitatively) how Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) can reduce the transmission bandwidth required. b) Explain what is delta modulation. Why it is particularly suited to speech signals? c) For an input sinusoid of frequency 1 kHz, estimate and compare the signal-to-error ratios of a linear PCM coder using a sampling rate of 2. kHz and 7 bits per sample quantisation with a single-integration delta modulator producing the same gross bit rate. BASEBAND REGERATOR / ERROR PROBABILITY / LINE CODE Q4. a) Digital transmission systems provide better received signal quality compare to analogue transmission systems when implementing a long distance communication link. Explain briefly why this is so. b) A PCM transmission link employed 8 bit coding and uses baseband regenerator as repeater. Determine the Signal-to-Noise ratio obtainable at the receiver assuming no bit error occurred. c) An analogue transmission system required amplifiers to be spaced every 2 km apart. Assume the Signal-to-Noise ratio of the amplifier is 65 dB, determine the maximum distance of the link before the quality of the received signal is lower than the PCM link above. d) A RF binary PSK system operates with phase states separated by 180o. The bit rate is 2. 0 Mbit/s and the noise power spectral density at the input to an ideal matched filter detector is 1. 0 pW/Hz. If the transmission loss between transmitter and detector is 40 dB, what power must be transmitted to achieve a probability of bit error of 1( 10-6 ? For binary PSK , Pe = ? [1- erf(Eb/No)1/2] Error function tables are provided. Q5. ) Draw a simplified block diagram of a PCM regenerative repeater. b) An ideal 18 – section, copper cable, PCM link employs unipolar , NRZ, rectangular pulses on each section and a center point detection process at each repeater. The probability of error versus SNR for this transmission and detection scheme is given by [pic] If all sections were identical, and operated with a section SNR of precisely 18 dB, what would be the overall probability of error for the entire link? Q6. (a) Sketch the typical, long term, spectrum of a speech waveform. Show on your sketch the bandwidth normally considered sufficient for telephone quality transmission. b) i) If the voice signal in part (a) is to be transmitted using 8-bit PCM and use the bandwidth upper frequency limit shown on your sketch to find the required PCM bit rate. ii) What channel bandwidth, in principle, would be required if the PCM bits were to be transmitted as perfectly rectangular pulses without distortions? iii) What is the minimum theoretical bandwidth which would allow the PCM bits to be transmitted independently (i. e. without inter-symbol interference (ISI) at the receiver sampling instants)? Explain your answer. (c) i) What is the main functions of line codes? i) The bit stream shown in Fig. Q7 is to be line-coded using the high-density substitutiontechnique HDB3. Sketch a version of the resulting coded signal. What are the features of HDB3 which makes it an attractive line code? [pic] Fig. Q6 TDM / PDH / SDH Q7. a)i) Describe, with the aid of a diagram, the way in which analogue telephone channels plus signalling and service information are combined in a plesiochronous time-division multiplexed system to form the primary multiplex group. ii) What sampling rate would be appropriate for each telephone channel and what would be the gross bit rate of the multiplex group? )i) Show how primary multiplex groups may be combined to form higher level multiplexes and to provide access for wideband signals. ii) Explain why it is necessary in a high order Plesiochronous digital hierarchy (PDH ) to de-multiplex down to the lowest order whenever a single channel is to be extracted or inserted. c) Calculate the number of telephone channels which can be accommodated at level 4 of a PDH. d) In the PDH, explain why the bit rate at a given level is not exactly an integer multiple of the bit rate at the level below. Q8. a) Explain why bit justification is required in a PDH network, and describe how it may be performed. ) i) Determine the minimum and maximum input channel rates accommodated by an CEPT2 multiplexer. ii) Determine the rate of CEPT1 misframes caused by erroneous interpretation of a stuffed bit. Assume channel bit error rate Pe is 10-6. CEPT2 parameters: Bit rate8. 448 Mbit/s Master frame length848 bits Message length/channel205 bits Framing bits12 bits Stuffing control bits12 bits Stuff bits4 bits c)i) Explain what is frame slip. ii) In a PDH network, the primary multiplex clock generators have frequency stability of 1 part in 107. You read "Digital Comm Tutorial" in category "Papers" Calculate the average number of frames slips per hours in a connection of 5 inter- exchange links. Q9. a) Describe the essential features of the Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy (PDH). b) Plesiochronous networks have a number of disadvantages by comparisons with the Synchronous Digital Hierarchy. State and explain two of them. c) Draw a block diagram illustrating the SDH. Show on your diagram the nominal STMbit rates associated with each SDH level. d)i) Describe the SDH primary-rate frame structure with particular reference to the location within the frame of the section overheads, the (administrative unit) pointers and the STM-1 payload. ii) What are the main functions of pointer? SIGNALLING Q10. a)i) Explain the need for signaling in a telecommunication system. ii) List the minimum basic signaling requirements, and show how they may be obtained in the subscriber loop of a typical telephone network. b) Draw a simple block diagram illustrating the essential difference between channel-associated signaling (CAS) and common channel signaling (CCS). c) List the advantages of CCS over CAS. d) Modern digital switching systems using Stored Program Control (SPC) employ CCS. Draw a block diagram showing how CCS may be implemented. e) What is the disadvantage of CCS and how are they overcome? Q11. ) Show how the ITU-T (formerly CCITT ) signaling systems No. 7 conform to theInternational Standard Organisation, Open Systems Interconnection (ISO-OSI ) model. b) What are the three types of signal units employ by the ITU-T SS No. 7? What is the function of each? c)i) How is the channel associated signaling handled by the 30+2 PCM primary multiplex frame? ii) Calculate the bit rate of th e signaling channel with one voice channel. TELETRAFFIC THEORY Q12. a) In a switching system for which blocked calls are lost, the average number of calls per hour is 200 with an average holding time of 3 minutes. Estimate the number of trunks required to achieve a grade of service of 0. 1 %. b) On the average during the busy hour, traffic generated in exchange A and exchange B is shown in table Q13. Assume no tandem traffic, estimate the number of trunk channels (two way connections) required for a grade service of 1 %: i) if the same lines are used for incoming and outgoing calls, ii) if separate lines are used for incoming and outgoing calls. Evaluate the above options and propose a cost effective solution. What is the minimum number of trunk lines required to serve the two exchanges? |Exchange A |Exchange B | |Exchange A |- |36 Erlang | |Exchange B |43 Erlang |- | Table Q13 c) Calculate the number of channels needed in a seven-cell re-use pattern cellular systems to achieve a blocking probability of 1 % if there are 2800 calls per cell per hour, each of average duration of 1. 8 minutes. (use traffic table). Q13. a) Define traffic intensity and congestion. ) Explain why it is necessary to determine the traffic variations as a function of time for a telephone exchange. c)For a telephone exchange designed based on blocked call lost assumption, the probability of there being k calls in progress with N trunks carrying traffic A Erlang is given by: [pic][pic] i) Explain what is meant by blocked call lost. Give an evaluation the effect of this assumption. ii) Derive an equation for the probability all servers are busy and the subscriber encountered call blocking. State the assumptions made for the above equation to be valid. ) A PBX with 250 internal lines has 10 trunks to the public network. i) What is the probability of call blocking if each internal line is involved in four external calls with an average duration of 2. 5 minutes per call, per eight-hour working day? ii) How many additional trunk connections would be required to improve the grade-of service to better than 0. 5 %? Q14. a) In a que ueing system, the average rate of packet transmission is ( frames per second, and the average arrival rate of data is ( packets per second. The probability that therewill be n packets in the queue is Pn = (1 – ( )( ( ) nwhere ( = ( / ( b) Derive an equation for the average number of packets in the queue and show how this varies with the parameter ( . c) How would you use this equation to design the node in a packet-switched system? d) If the switching node has a transmission capacity of 800 packets per second and the packet arrival rate is 500 packets per second. i) Calculate the average number of packets in the queue and hence ii) Calculate the average waiting time per packet. iii) What is the mean delay introduced by the switching node on a packet? ) A common –channel signalling system uses a 64 kbits/s data link to serve a group of 1500 speech circuits on a route between two exchanges. The busy-hour traffic is 1000 E and the average call duration is two minutes. On average each call requires transmission of ten messages (five signals plus five responses) and the average message length is 20 octets. Calculate the percentage of messages which encounter delay and the mean delay for these messages. DATA COMMUNICATION NETWORK Q15. a)i) Describe the principle of data communication by packet switching. ii) Evaluate the advantages of this strategy by comparison with circuit switching. )Show how the format of a packet can allow inclusion of routing, error correction, synchronisation and data. c)A packet switch has a single outgoing link at 2. 048 Mbit/s. The average length of each packet is 960 bytes. If the average packet delay through the switch must be less than 20 ms, assuming an M/M/1 queue, determine the i) maximum total packet arrival rate ii) average length of the queue. Q16a) Outline the ISO-OSI data communication network model. b) i) At which layer of the ISO-OSI model does the routing information provided? ii) Name and describe briefly two common routing protocols for the Wide Area Network (WAN). ii) Compare the relative performance of the protocols. iv) give an example of the connection standard applicable to each. c) Describe the format of a High-level Data Link Control (HDLC) packet and describe how this could be employed to implement call set-up, data transfer and call clearing in a virtual circuit. ISDN / B-ISDN Q17. a) Most national tele-traffic networks have evolved from systems using analogue telephonyand signaling and electromechanical switching. Show, using diagrams, how it has been possible to develop Integrated Digital Networks (IDN) whilst retaining much of the transmission network. ) An IDN is required to provide communication of information in addition to digital telephony signals. Describe the others signals necessary to operate an IDN and show how these can be integrated within a single network. c) Outline the potential benefits of an ISDN. d) Describe the data handling capabilities of Basic Rate Access and Primary Rate Access ISDN services. What are the gros s bit rates in each case? Q18. a) Describe the process which takes place in a packet speech transmission system and outline the transmission delay which might be expected. ) In a packet communication network packets arrive at a switch according to a Poisson distribution with a mean arrival rate of 4 packet/s. The service time is exponentially distributed with a mean value of 100 ms. Assuming that each packet contains 70 bytes and the output transmission rate is 5. 6 kbit/s. How long, on average, does a packet have to wait in the queue? If the switch in part (c) is limited in length to 10 packets, what is the probability of losing packets? c) What extensions to these access processes will be required to handle multi-media terminals and what data transfer method will be most appropriate? ) What are the numerical values of the following: i) ATM cell size. ii) ATM information field size. iii) SDH STM-1 bit rate. iv) PCM voice channel bit rate. e) Use your answer in part (d) to find the expected total network delay (including packetisation delay) experienced by a voice signal transmitted over an ATM network connection operating at the SDH STM-1 bit rate. The connection traverse 8 switching centers, each of which introduces a mean delay equal to 98 ATM cells. The transmission path length is 350 km in total, and the specific delay of the transmission medium is 5 (s/km. How to cite Digital Comm Tutorial, Papers

Lenin Essay Example

Lenin Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: We will write a custom essay sample on Lenin specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lenin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lenin specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Lenin Lenin believed that revolution ought to be pursued on a much broader sense than the current way that the working class was trying. During this time, there was great disparity between the haves and the have-nots or as Lenin describes them, â€Å"the propertied and the non propertied† (Lenin, n.d.). To make the differences a little more even, the working classes were forming trade organizations to use them as their bargaining tools. They used these unions to ask for better wages, working conditions. He argued that this was not the most effective way of pursuing a revolution. He advised the working class to form political parties in order to advance their Marxist ideas. Revolutions can only be brought about by dedicated revolutionaries who formed political parties to fight the political battles. According to his thoughts, political battles could not be fought through economic means but by political means. Lenin was of the social democracy ideology. He believed in a revolution but also believed in a peaceful revolution. His thought was that revolutions ought to be advanced through political means and not with militancy, violence or totalitarianism to propagate the revolution. Lenin viewed trade unions as source of enlightment. He believed that the working class was still not ready for a revolution. He therefore advocated for the idea of trade unions during the early stages of labor movements. This is because they helped to educate the working class on the evils of capitalism. He went ahead to advised his fellow social democrats to gang up the masses and help them to organize and set up trade unions. This would do a great deal in educating the working class on how to organize them in fighting against their employers. Although he deemed a political struggle to be more effective, he recognized that under the current tsarist, autocracy regime made it impossible to have a pre-emptive political struggle. This led him to recommend an economic struggle first, which was the organization of trade unions. Lenin was of the thought that the working class could not develop and advance real socialist consciousness from among themselves but from without. This meant that he believed that trade union was the only vehicle that would help entrench the real socialist consciousness in the minds of the working class, as they were not mature enough (Lenin, n.d.). He however maintained that there is a distinct separation between the trade unions and the socialist party. This means that he did not believe in trade unions as the agent for change but as mere tool of enlightening the working class on the evils being committed against them and give them the necessary courage to fight against the oppression. The absolute vehicle for change he reserved for the establishment of political parties. He believed that the political party ought to be lead by professional revolutionaries. For the trade unions, he advised that their leadership be open to any worker who had the idea and knowledge of the need for organization in mind. Social democracy is a political ideology that advances a complete revolution of a nation or society from capitalistic form of governance to a socialistic one. This revolution is however advanced through political and peaceful means. Any forms of militancy, violence or totalitarianism are not incorporated as a means for transition. The change into socialism is a change into a form of governance where the all the powers and means of production and the goods produced are vested in the community. The community owns the total capital, the distribution processes and all the land together. Individual ownership of property is highly detested. Lenin was of the idea that social democracy was inevitable. He was against capitalism or any other form of system of social organization. He however was of the thought that this revolution would be spurred by the spontaneous growth of the labor movement. Works Cited Lenin, Vladimir. What is to be done (1902)? n.d. Web. 11 July 2011.

Definition of Commonplace in Rhetoric

Definition of Commonplace in Rhetoric The term commonplace has multiple meanings in rhetoric: Classical Rhetoric 1. In classical rhetoric, a commonplace is a statement or bit of knowledge that is commonly shared by members of an audience or a community.   Meaning of Commonplace in Rhetoric 2. A commonplace is an elementary rhetorical exercise, one of the progymnasmata. (See What Are the Progymnasmata?) 3. In invention, commonplace is another term for a common topic. Also known as  topoi (in Greek) and   loci (in Latin).Also see: Commonplace BookEnthymemeTopoiTopic Commonplace Examples and Observations Life holds one great but quite commonplace mystery. Though shared by each of us and known to all, it seldom rates a second thought. That mystery, which most of us take for granted and never think twice about, is time.(Michael Ende, Momo. Doubleday, 1985)[In John Miltons Paradise Lost, the devils] speech to the deities of the void is a deliberative oration; he seeks to persuade them to give him information he needs by pleading the advantage his mission will bring them. He bases his argument on the commonplace of regal power and imperial jurisdiction, promising to expel All usurpation from the new-created world and to re-erect there the Standard . . . of ancient Night.(John M. Steadman, Miltons Epic Characters. University of North Carolina Press, 1968) Aristotle on Commonplaces - The commonplaces or topics are locations of standard categories of arguments. Aristotle distinguishes four common topics: whether a thing has occurred, whether it will occur, whether things are bigger or smaller than they seem, and whether a thing is or is not possible. Other commonplaces are definition, comparison, relationship, and testimony, each with its own subtopics. . . . In the Rhetoric, in Books I and II, Aristotle talks about not only common topics that can generate arguments for any kind of speech, but also special topics that are useful only for a particular kind of speech or subject matter. Because the discussion is dispersed, it is sometimes hard to determine what each kind of topic is. (Patricia Bizzell and Bruce Herzberg, The Rhetorical Tradition. Bedford, 2001) - [A]ccording to [Aristotle], the characteristically rhetorical statement involves commonplaces that lie outside any scientific specialty; and in proportion as the rhetorician deals with special subject matter, his proofs move away from the rhetorical and toward the scientific. (For instance, a typical rhetorical commonplace, in the Aristotelian sense, would be Churchills slogan, Too little and too late, which could hardly be said to fall under any special science of quantity or time.)(Kenneth Burke, A Rhetoric of Motives, 1950. University of California Press, 1969) The Challenge of Recognizing Commonplaces To detect a rhetorical commonplace, the scholar must generally rely on empirical evidence: that is, the collecting and evaluating of related lexical and thematic elements in the texts of other authors. Such components, however, are often hidden by oratorical embellishments or historiographical dexterity. (Francesca Santoro LHoir, Tragedy, Rhetoric, and the Historiography of Tacitus Annales. University of Michigan Press, 2006) Classical Exercise Commonplace. This is an exercise that expands on the moral qualities of some virtue or vice, often as exemplified in some common phrase of advice. The writer in this assignment must seek through his or her knowledge and reading for examples that will amplify and illustrate the sentiments of the commonplace, proving it, supporting it, or showing its precepts in action. This is a very typical assignment from the Greek and Roman world in that it assumes a considerable store of cultural knowledge. Here are several commonplaces that might be amplified: a. An ounce of action is worth a ton of theory.b. You always admire what you really dont understand.c. One cool judgment is worth a thousand hasty counsels.d. Ambition is the last infirmity of noble minds.e. The nation that forgets its defenders will be itself forgotten.f. Power corrupts; absolute power corrupts absolutely.g. As the twig is bent, so grows the tree.h. The pen is mightier than the sword.(Edward P.J. Corbett and Robert J. Connors, Classical Rhetoric for the Modern Student, 4th ed. Oxford University Press, 1999) Jokes and Commonplaces With some hermetic jokes what is required is not knowledge, or belief, in the first instance, but an awareness of what might be called commonplaces. A young Catholic woman told her friend, I told my husband to buy all the Viagra he can find.Her Jewish friend replied, I told my husband to buy all the stock in Pfizer he can find. It is not required that the audience (or the teller) actually believe that Jewish women are more interested in money than in sex, but he must be acquainted with this idea. When jokes play upon commonplaceswhich may or may not be believedthey often do it by exaggeration. Typical examples are clergymen jokes. For instance, After knowing one another for a long time, three clergymenone Catholic, one Jewish, and one Episcopalianhave become good friends. When they are together one day, the Catholic priest is in a sober, reflective mood, and he says, Id like to confess to you that although I have done my best to keep my faith, I have occasionally lapsed, and even since my seminary days I have, not often, but sometimes, succumbed and sought carnal knowledge.Ah well, says the rabbi, It is good to admit these things, and so I will tell you that, not often, but sometimes, I break the dietary laws and eat forbidden food.At this the Episcopalian priest, his face reddening, says, If only I had so little to be ashamed of. You know, only last week I caught myself eating a main course with my salad fork.​  (Ted Cohen, Jokes: Philosophical Thoughts on Joking Matters. The University of Chicago Press, 1999) Etymology  From the Latin, generally applicable literary passage Also see: AdageAphorismArgumentationDiscourse CommunityMaximPlatitudeProverbSententia Pronunciation: KOM-un-plase

What a Fulgurite Is and How To Make One

What a Fulgurite Is and How To Make One The word fulgurite comes from the Latin word  fulgur, which means thunderbolt.  A fulgurite or petrified lightning  is a glass tube formed when electricity strikes sand. Usually, fulgurites are hollow, with a rough exterior and smooth interior. Lightning from thunderstorms makes most fulgurites, but they also form from atomic blasts, meteor strikes and from man-made high voltage devices falling onto the ground. Fulgurite Chemistry Fulgurites typically form in sand, which is mostly silicon dioxide. The melted sand forms a glass that is called lechatelierite. Lechatelierite is an amorphous material that is considered to be a mineraloid, similar to obsidian. Fulgurites come in a range of colors, including translucent white, tan, black and green. The coloration comes from impurities in the sand. Make a Fulgurite - Safe Method Fulgurites occur naturally, but there are a couple of ways you can make petrified lightning yourself.  Dont put yourself at risk of a lightning strike! The best way to make a fulgurite is to be safely indoors when its stormy outside. Check the weather forecast to find out when lightning activity is expected. Radar is good or refers to special maps for your area that record lightning strikes. You must complete preparation for a fulgurite several hours (or longer) before the storm arrives.Drive a lightning rod or length of rebar into the sand about 12 inches to 18 inches and extending up into the air. You can set up colored sand or some granular mineral besides quartz sand if you prefer. There is no guarantee lightning will strike your lightning rod, but you improve your chances if you select an open area where the metal is higher than the surroundings. Choose an area far from people, animals or structures.When lightning approaches, be far away from your fulgurite project! Do not check on whether you make a fulgurite until several hours after the storm has passed.The rod and sand will be extremely hot after a lightning strike. Use care when checking for a fulgurite so that you dont burn yourself. Fulgurites are fra gile, so dig around it to expose it before removing it from the surrounding sand. Rinse excess sand with running water. Rocket Fulgurites You can go the Ben Franklin route making a fulgurite by drawing the lightning down to a bucket of sand. This method involves launching a D model rocket toward a thunderhead that is estimated to be due to discharge. A spool of thin copper wire connects the bucket to the rocket. While said to be quite successful, this method is extraordinarily dangerous because the lightning doesnt just follow the wire back to the bucket. It additionally follows the wire and the area around it back to the trigger used to launch the rocket... and you! Simulated Lightning Fulgurites A safer, though someone expensive method, is to use an xfmr or transformer to force man-made lightning into silica or another oxide. This technique fuses the sand into lechatelierite, although it is much more difficult to achieve the branched effect seen in natural fulgurites.

Resume and Cover Letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Resume and Cover Letter - Essay Example Here are a few ways that I fit your qualifications: As you can see, I have many of the qualities that you need. Please take a few minutes to look over my resume, then I would like to come in and talk with you about this position at a time mutually convenient. Heres some tips, not necessarily in any order, for resumes. I was a Career Counselor and Ive reviewed and done zillions of resumes, and helped others do the same. Please look this over and tweak it to your liking. I didnt have your major, so I put the marketing/management major in. 1. I rearranged your resume to "fit" the sample that the teacher gave. Now, you can easily take out the internship stuff and use employment things instead. However, this will give you a good basis. The reason I did this was so that we could do the cover letter to match the resume. With more time I might have looked up a "fake" job posting, but I didnt know where you were, and it was much easier to do it this way. 2. The resume must match the job you are applying for and the cover letter must match the job posting and the resume. Employers will be looking at HOW you FIT their position. So, you only want to put on it relevant experience. You dont have to put everything down. 6. Professional strengths should be those things that you do well that are relevant for the job you are applying for. Again, you don’t have to list everything. Just those things that are relevant that will entice them to look at the rest of the resume. 8. I took out the doctors names on two of the jobs -- you could put their names as a reference, or use them when they ask for references. If they ask you who you worked for in the interview, you can tell them then. You don’t want them (necessarily) to call the doctors and ask about you before they interview you. Therefore, dont put the info on there. 10. On the Cover letter, I would list point by point the skills that you have that match the job

American Government assignment one Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American Government assignment one - Essay Example In fact that was the very thing against which the Colonials had rebelled. This distrust in government engendered one which was inherently weak. The problem with the Articles of Confederation was that they sought to create a nation while still trying to allow the several states to keep powers typically only reserved for actual nation-states like taxation powers, war declaration powers, and the right to issue currency. Most of all, the Confederation had no executive branch and thus no recognizable head of state. The Constitution gave the new national government the power to issue currency and thus provided financial stability to the country (Henretta 2000, 222). It also established a clear executive and leader of the country in the person of the Presidency. The First President, George Washington, provided a unity which was conspicuously missing under the Articles (Maddox 2003, 78-79). James Madison said that the Constitution was necessary to establish â€Å"a strong government to cond uct foreign affairs and insisted that central authority would not foster domestic tyranny.† The Constitution gave the â€Å"central government broad powers over taxation, military defense, and external commerce as well as the authority to make all laws†¦to implement those provisions† (Henretta 2000, 226). The Constitution ended the chaos of the Confederation and gave birth to the America we know today. Article 1.) David Jackson’s article in The Oval â€Å"House rebukes Obama over Libya† (Jackson 2011) very much encapsulates some of the broad changes which have beset America’s system of Federalism over the course of the last half century. The rise of the unitary executive in no way accords with the thoughts of the founders who very much sought to limit the executive branch through a unique system of checks and balances. The U.S. House of Representatives recently ‘rebuked’ Obama for his continued prosecution of the military action in Libya. The US and its allies are seeking to bolster and support a rebellion led by anti-Qaddafi forces and to protect civilian targets which have borne the brunt of attacks by government forces. A coalition of fiscally conservative Republicans and rebellious Democrats managed to pass a resolution in the House against the Obama Administration’s bombing campaign. The meaningfulness of the resolution is nonetheless very much in doubt. Just after passing it, the House refused to cut funding for the operation in North Africa. It seems that the House resolution then was nothing more than a feel-good measure; things on the ground remain unchanged. The dispute concerns the 1973 War Powers Resolution which requires the President to seek Congressional approval of all military actions beyond 60 days. The Libya action has lasted well beyond 60 days but President Obama has still refused to obtain approval, claiming the War Powers Resolution does not apply because it is a NATO effort. At the root of the question is the explicit power held by the Congress to control spending and declare war. Jackson quotes Florida Representative Tom Rooney who said, â€Å"Only Congress has the power to declare war and the power of the purse, and my bill exercises both of these powers by blocking funds for the war in Libya unless the President receives

Greedy Needs :: Essays Papers

Greedy Needs Imagine a life with no food, no shelter and no family. This is hard because most people have never been without these basic needs. Some people however, find it hard to imagine a life with these needs, as in â€Å"The Ultimate Safari† by Nadine Gordimer. This story takes place during civil war, where the greed of bandits along with the greed of rebels cause conflict which can only be solved through sharing and co-operation. The greed of the bandits causes many conflicts with the people that are not in the war by taking away their food, shelter and thus causing illness. The villagers have nothing to eat because the bandits have taken it all for themselves. â€Å"But the third time they came back there was nothing to take, no oil, no food, so they burnt the thatch and the roofs of our houses fell in.† (page 120) as Gordimer writes. The people can not eat on their long journey through Kruger Park because although they find food to cook, they must not make a fire as it will draw attention to themselves. They have no food to take on the trip, so the people find fruit and eat it which results in illness, as it is poisonous. The greedy bandits take away the shelter of the villagers by burning their houses. This means the people must go to find food and shelter elsewhere. The people must walk farther due to bandits on the lookout for them near the fence, which means more nights spent in the animal-filled park without any shelter to stay in. Having no shelter in the park creates a safety risk to the people, for there are hungry lions surrounding them. Sickness is inflicted upon the people by the bandits stealing their food and taking away their shelter. Being cold and hungry can cause a serious sickness to the people. The bandits are not the only people who conflict with the people, the rebels also inflict a great deal of problems. The rebels are greedy in that they escalate the conflict for the people, they cause consequences to the others from the government, and they force the villagers into refugee camps. The rebels, only thinking of themselves cause conflict to expand within the others. The children that are growing up in the war environment, will see fighting as the only way to solve problems.

Barbie Doll Marge Piercy

The title of this poem immediately underscores its thematic concerns. ‘Barbie’ is not just a toy for girls but has become a cultural icon of developed America. The doll is the archetype and symbol of the perfect American girl who has physical appeal and wealth. She is the prime example of feminine qualities and beauty. Yet as we read on, Piercy’s description of the young girl is vastly different. She seems, unlike Barbie, to have â€Å"a great big nose and fat legs. † The young girl, however, is entrapped by society’s definitions of beauty here exemplified by Barbie doll.By consistently contrasting the ideal and the real, Piercy created a dark poem about a girl’s suicide because of social pressures to be Barbie-beautiful. The theme of the poem is distinct: Piercy is alluding to the impossible conditions of beauty in the modern world and how the desire for such unattainable ideals can lead to death. It also very much about subscribing to social beliefs of femininity, of what it is to be a ‘woman,’ and not just about physical beauty.The dark and ominous atmosphere in the poem is set by the descriptive details of the poem and the consequent mood that is set by the tone. Piercy employs a matter-of-factly way to describe the details of a fat girl and her growing up years. Yet the choice of images employed is unique and powerful for they evoke images of childhood. â€Å"Dolls that did pee-pee and miniature GE stoves and irons and wee lipsticks the color of cherry candy† evoke innocence in the playthings of childhood but these images are immediately contrasted with the girl’s â€Å"big nose and fat legs.† This occurs again in stanza two where the girl is described as a â€Å"healthy† and â€Å"intelligent† girl almost full of potential, â€Å"abundant sexual drive and manual dexterity. † The positive physical image of this young pubescent girl is shattered at the end of the stanza for she needed to feel bad about herself for having a â€Å"fat nose on thick legs. † Such a contrasting descriptive method is one of the ways that Piercy employs to underscore the irony of the poem even more.The sardonic tone that Piercy uses is most blatant in the final two stanzas. Here, we see a girl who has been compelled to subscribe to false social beliefs of looking like a ‘barbie doll. ’ She needs to â€Å"play coy,† exercise, diet, smile and wheedle. † These are archetypal images of femininity. Here, Piercy moves beyond a description of physical beauty but one of social expectations of femininity. The girl is compelled to follow social norms of what it is to be female both physically and socially.The opening stanza, with its images of dolls, stoves, and lipsticks also reveal the same intentions of how from a young age the girl is compelled to buy into a social definition of what a ‘female’ is. The poem becomes much dark er and Piercy’s sardonic tone and scornful attitude towards such social belief becomes much stronger in the final stanza where she employs irony powerfully. The girl is described as having taken her own life for â€Å"she cut off her nose and her legs and offered them up.† In the final stanza, she is described as looking pretty â€Å"dressed in a pink and white nightie† and having a â€Å"turned-up putty nose. † Here, the image is one of a barbie doll. The girl has been transformed into the image she could not attain in life and could only do so in death. This is a chilling thought that Piercy is attempting to communicate to readers – women die trying to achieve impossible notions of beauty and perhaps the only way to do so is in death. Such a reading is certainly accentuated by the final lines of the poem â€Å"Consummation at last. To every woman a happy ending.† The happy ending can seemingly only be found in death. The lines in this stan za are then charged with irony and the irony evokes a sense of sadness and shock. There is no real happy ending for although she does finally for her quest for beauty and perfection is consummated she dies in the process. The poem thus echoes with how society often compels women to subscribe to expectations of what is feminine – like a Barbie doll. It also thereby reveals the very misplaced qualities that society holds with regards to women. Women are objectified as dolls and playthings.

German Adjective Endings The Nominative Case