The Equal Protection Clause - 783 Words

Racism is a powerful piece in our nations history. About more than 60 years ago, we struggled in a society of discrimination and racial segregation. We lived in a time of cruelty because we didn’t see eye to eye with a person who had a different skin color. But overtime we have evolved from racism and focused on fairness. The interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment has contributed to racial equality by the Equal Protection clause. The clause was a deciding factor in cases that involved racism. Though it sometimes limited rights, the Equal Protection clause eventually became a key element to justice. Lum vs. Rice (1927) was a Supreme Court case where the Mississippi education board did not allow a nine year old girl to attend the†¦show more content†¦Unlike the Lum vs. Rice case, â€Å"separate but equal† had no place for society because it was now (legally) seen as unfair. The Brown vs. Board of Education repealed the Lum vs. Rice case and the discriminatory Plessy vs. Ferguson case. The Brown vs. Board of Education case did not fully desegregate public schools, but it influenced a sea of activists to start making a change. From bus boycotts to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the civil rights movement turned into a revolution. Lum vs. Rice and Brown vs. Board of Education included the equal protection clause from the 14th Amendment where the state can’t â€Å"deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws.† In Lum vs. Rice, the 14th Amendment limited the rights of the Lum family because they were classified as â€Å"colored.† In Brown vs. Board of Education, the 14th Amendment expanded the rights of students because schools were now segregated. These cases are different not only because of their outcomes but because of a change in time. The 1920s were much more conservative years compared to the 1950s. We’ve started to evolve from the tradition of keeping things separate to choosing to live as equals. Today, we are free from discrimination. People from different cultures and ethnicities can come together in school, work, etc. But race plays a small factor in the job industry and admittingShow MoreRelatedThe Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amen dment976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe University of Texas with the claim that the University had violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 13th Amendment. The main question that arose in the question was, â€Å"does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment permit the consideration of race in undergraduate admissions decisions†. The overall decision of the Supreme Court was that the University of Texas hadn’t violated the Equal Protection Clause, and in fact that they were permitted to consider race in the admissions processRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amendment3764 Words   |  16 PagesThe equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was at first created to protect against racial discrimination, but the Supreme Court later expanded the clause to also providing equal treatment amongst different races. The clause says, â€Å"No state shall†¦deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal pro tection of the laws† (U.S. Constitution. Art./Amend. XIV, Sec. 1.) A person could not be discriminated upon solely because of his or her race and if the law treated aRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause From The Fourteenth Amendment1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Equal Protection Clause derives from the Fourteenth Amendment, which specifies â€Å"no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As a part of the Reconstruction Amendments, the aforementioned clause was meant to ensure racial equality in the Reconstruction Period and has been applied successfully against the affirmative action. Introduced in United States v. Carolene Products Co., the strict scrutiny has been applied to the cases, in which a fundamentalRead MoreThe Federal Sentencing Guidelines And The Equal Protection Clause1343 Words   |  6 PagesWomen are twice as likely as men to avoid incarceration if convicted of a crime. Whether or not this is fair , though, is highly debated. Some politicians argue that women’s prisons be abolished all together, while Men’s Rights Activists push for equal sentencing for comparable crimes. It has been proven that judges tend to give women less time in prison, or no incarceration at all, and the reasons for this support the imbalance in sentencing. Though many view women’s tendency to receive lighter punishmentsRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause Of The United States Constitution1496 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution sanctioned all 50 States to protect all citizens, by requiring that all citizens are treated according to the Bill of Rights, by protecting â€Å"the inalienable rights of all its citizens† (Fisher, 2013, pg. 3). Although, the inalienable rights of men are projected differently, both from a Biblical perspective and a Constitution, Declaration, there are or will be several morals violations among citizensRead More Gender Equality and the Law Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pagesstate must show a compelling interest in its legislation, and â€Å"must demonstrate that the means are necessarily related to the ends sought to be achieved by the statue and are the least restrictive† (Mezey 16). Today, it is debatable whether women are equal to men in the eyes of the law. However, without the Women’s Rights Project’s litigation of the nineteen seventies, women would be remain subjected to stereotypical legal treatment and thus would still be regulated to an inferior status of citizenshipRead MoreDue Process Procedures Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagesdue process simply mean educators accused of something have protection. The protection should be fair and reasonable to balance social concern such as government affair and criminal behavior. The employee rights originated from state and federal constitutional provisions, statues, and regulations. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects educators employed in private or public schools (Oliva, 2009). In addition, the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment protects educators from discrimination;Read MoreA Closer Look At The Fourteenth Amendment s Equal Protection Clause2421 Words   |  10 PagesMarkus Allard Professor Anne Redding Administrative Justice 245 20 November 2016 A Closer Look At The Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause Our 14th amendment is perhaps the most important amendment because it helps defend some of our fundamental rights. This amendment extends the due process procedure to all citizens when trying to deprive them of life, liberty, or property. The amendment also ensures that everyone born in the United States or naturalized is guaranteed citizenship.Read MoreRace And National Origin Of The Court s Current Equal Protection Clause1830 Words   |  8 PagesIn recent decades, the Supreme Court has not granted certiorari for many gender-based discrimination cases, and consequently there has not been much jurisprudential progress lately regarding Equal Protection Clause claims. It is not uncommon for the Supreme Court to back off of certain issues that they feel are largely solved for the time being. Feeling that the existing precedent is satisfactory, the Court has not shown a desire to alter the test for gender-based claims and have settled on usingRead MoreThe Constitutional Court Book By Jack Fruchtman Jr.1331 Words   |  6 Pages The Right to â€Å"Liberty† and the Right to Equal Protection in the Fourteenth Amendment In the United States Constitution, the Fourteenth Amendment states â€Å"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.† (Law.Cornell) Many of the cases that have

Rationalism - 732 Words

Rationalism In Plato’s Meno it begins with a debate between a fictional Socrates and Meno about whether virtue can be taught or if it is acquired in another way. Socrates begins to prove his point when he asks the slaves about the geometry question. When the slave answers the question, Socrates suggests to Meno that they inquire this together. Meno argues with his â€Å"Meno’s Paradox† that, â€Å"one logically cannot inquire productivity into what one does not already know† (Meno 58). Then Socrates continues to make Meno question his own beliefs when the slave recognizes the answer to geometrical problem. Socrates proceeds to confirm with the concept that the sole is immortal and the slave was â€Å"recollecting† knowledge that the soul already had.†¦show more content†¦Descartes goes through valid and well thought-out arguments to come to find realizations. He concentrates on knowledge rather than action. In the Third Meditation, Descarte s continues to introduce the idea that God is innate. Descartes introduces the role of God in the Third Meditation. He suggests that you can use your intuition, but you can’t use time or senses. Descartes uses the teleological argument to show innate things. It consists of teleological intuition which has two caused principles. One is that everything has a cause with at least as much reality as it has itself. The other principle is that everything with objective reality has a cause with formal reality. Objective realities are things like images and ideas, and formal reality is the kind of reality it has by virtue. There are infinite and finite substances which are both types of formal reality. Finite substances cause properties, but the properties depend on the finite substances for their existence, but infinite substances don’t depend on anything at all. There are certain standards the infinite and finite substances must have to have an idea of an idea mind such as, G od. Through this argument, Descartes is trying to introduce the idea that God is innate. Descartes and Plato’s arguments all did come to the conclusion that knowledge was an innate. Both philosophers believe that you can come to realizations of the truth. Plato believes that you have the concept to begin withShow MoreRelatedRationalism And Empiricism1119 Words   |  5 Pagesgive knowledge (Markie, 2017). Rationalism and empiricism can be related. The two methods only conflict when covering the same subject. Philosophers can be either a rationalist or empiricist but agree or disagree with some of the theories under each category (Markie, 2017). This concept can slow down the advancement of our understanding. The big debate is typically over truths about external reality and our knowledge of the external world Markie, 2017). Rationalism and empiricism are both used inRead MoreRationalism Vs Empiricism : Rationalism Versus Empiricism1385 Words   |  6 PagesDodely Dolce â€Å"Rationalism vs Empiricism† Today in society, many people are free to follow whichever philosophical view that they feel is right for them. Each philosophical view has a different set of beliefs, and many philosophers went through great lengths to prove that the philosophical view of their choice was the best one. In this paper I will be talking about two philosophical theories. The first one is called Empiricism, and it was made famous by a philosopher named David Hume. EmpiricismRead MoreThe Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution1509 Words   |  7 PagesBen Jorgensen Professor Wakefield English 5 3 April 2013 The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution What was the driving force behind the French Revolution? Many people may say it was financial, or political, and while I would agree that these things were part of the force that propelled the French Revolution, I would assert that the philosophies of the Enlightenment were the dominant force that blasted late eighteenth century France into revolution . In his article, â€Å"The FrenchRead MoreRationalism - Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz1731 Words   |  7 PagesRationalism is the principle that maintains that through reason alone we can gain at least some positive knowledge of the world. The three major rationalists, Rene Descartes, Baruch Spinoza and Gottfried Welhelm Leibniz, used this idea in order to defy skepticism and expose the true nature of reality. However, each philosopher is frequently in disagreement. The idea for ‘God’, and what constitutes substance, matter and reality are the four key structural beliefs that aid each rationalist in the formingRead Mor eThe Cartesian Rationalism Of Descartes2097 Words   |  9 PagesCartesian Rationalism Descartes is considered to be the father of modern day Western Philosophy, and was a mathematician who began to consider if what he knew was actually true. Born into medieval times where the global knowledge was coming unwound, everything that had been considered common knowledge was coming into question. He concluded that nothing was true, unless you could sway any argument against it. This method of system doubt would leave him with a core bit of knowledge to build upon, butRead MoreEssay about Rationalism and Empiricism1486 Words   |  6 PagesRationalism and Empiricism Rationalism and Empiricism are most likely the two most famous and intriguing schools of philosophy. The two schools deal specifically with epistemology, or, the origin of knowledge. Although not completely opposite, they are often considered so, and are seen as the Jordan vs. Bird of the philosophy world. The origins of rationalism and empiricism can be traced back to the 17th century, when many important advancements were made in scientific fields such as astronomyRead MoreAristotle s Theory And Rationalism900 Words   |  4 Pagesreliable are our senses and past experiences. On the contrary, Rationalists believe that after they observe, they must use logic and reason to further understand the causes (Galen, 1985). In the end, Aristotle used elements of both empiricism and rationalism to support his claims about how the universe works. Aristotle uses observation quite often, just as the Empiricists do, to begin his arguments. They specifically believe that knowledge of the world comes from our senses, past experiences, and observationsRead MoreRationalism vs. Empiricism Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesRationalism and empiricism were two philosophical schools in the 17th and 18th centuries, that were expressing opposite views on some subjects, including knowledge. While the debate between the rationalist and empiricist schools did not have any relationship to the study of psychology at the time, it has contributed greatly to facilitating the possibility of establishing the discipline of Psychology. This essay will describe the empiricist and rationalist debate, and will relate this debate to theRead MoreDifferences Between Rationalism And Empiricism1890 Words   |  8 PagesIn what follows I will define and differentiate between rationalism and empiricism and illustrate the core beliefs and justifications from bot h sides. As defined by Horrigan, epistemology is the â€Å"science and study of knowledge, primarily occupied with what we know, and how we come to know it.† (Horrigan 2007, 8) Rationalism, as Nelson highlights, is the belief that â€Å"reason gains our knowledge of the world alone, whereas empiricism is the belief that all knowledge is based on experiences derived fromRead MoreCartesian Rationalism Vs. Locke s Empiricism Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesTO PHILOSOPHY Introduction to Philosophy Name Institution INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Cartesian rationalism vs. Locke’s empiricism Rene Descartes was a rationalist who believed that knowledge of the world can be gained by the exercise of pure reason, while empiricist like Locke believed that knowledge of the world came through senses. Descartes from his

Different Types of Human Communication Free Essays

string(43) " and loose rather than scripted carefully\." Different Types of Human Communication Most animals communicate with each other in some way. Dogs bark at those they perceive as a threat in order to communicate their hostility and in some cases the threat that they will attack if provoked; bees have a pouch in which they carry the scent of their hive so as to identify themselves as members of the community. However, it is only in humans that communication breaks off into different types of communication: verbal and non-verbal, and formal and informal. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Types of Human Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Verbal communication is just what one would expect from the name: communication using words, and in some cases written characters. There are subcategories for verbal communication, depending on who is at the receiving end of the communication. The main division is between interpersonal communication, in which one person speaks directly to another person, and public or group speaking, in which one person speaks to a large group. From here, the intention of the person speaking breaks it down into still further categories depending on whether they are trying to persuade the listener or listeners to think or act in a certain way, to convey information in the clearest manner possible, or even to entertain. However, in many cases, the intentions of the speaker will overlap: speakers may want to persuade, inform, and entertain their audiences all at the same time. Sometimes, they may even be unaware of what their true intentions are themselves. Non-verbal communication is the type that is more similar to what the dogs and bees mentioned above do. Non-verbal communication includes all the information we convey to others, whether consciously or subconsciously, without actually using any words. Probably the most ubiquitous example of non verbal communication is that of facial expressions. For example, when a person rolls their eyes at someone, they are expressing skepticism about what the speaker said. They are not using any words to convey this message, but using their understanding of the non-verbal cues they can send that message without having to explicitly say, â€Å"I really find what you are saying unbelievable†. Not all facial expressions are so calculated though: there are those like smiles that come naturally when someone is happy, and indicate this to others. Beyond these more explicit examples, there are more subtle instances of non-verbal communication. For example, clothing: just as the male peacock uses a vibrant display of his colorful feathers to signal to a potential mate that he is a desirable choice, people use clothing in order to send messages about themselves (whether they are true or not). In this vein, a man going to a job interview will usually wear a suit and tie in order to convey the idea that he is a very professional person. Unlike facial expressions, this kind of non-verbal communication is more like verbal communication because it is arbitrary – there is no intrinsic reason why a suit and tie should convey the idea of professionalism any more than a Japanese kimono would. It is simply that it has become a cultural norm that a suit and tie is what a professional person wears, and as such it becomes a symbol and a means of non-verbal communication. Formal communication is more strongly associated with large and small group speaking. It is more rule bound, and is more centered on the speaker getting some kind of result. For example, speaking to a board room full of business executives in order to convince them to accept a marketing strategy is an example of formal communication: what is said and how it is said is rule-bound to what is considered appropriate for the setting, and it is directed toward the specific end of getting the executives to accept the ad campaign. Furthermore, their are instances of symbolic non-verbal communication, such as the wearing of business attire in order to appear professional. Informal communication is associated with interpersonal communication. While it is still rule bound by the social norms of the those communicating, there is much more room for the speaker to be free in what he or she says. Informal communication is also much less tied to specific ends: in many cases, it takes place simply for the speaker to express what they think and feel about anything in particular, and the speaking is undertaken as an end it itself. It is a much more emotionally involved form of communication, in large part because there is less emphasis on symbolic non-verbal communication and more emphasis on saying what one really feels. Although these various types of communication are very different, they are all indispensable tools for communicating with and understanding others. In order to be able to look at others and truly appreciate what they are trying to convey and whether what they are saying has any value, one needs to have a thorough understanding of all types. Informal Communication If formal communication is viewed like dressing for a black tie affair, informal communication is like dressing casually and wearing slippers around the house. Much informal communication occurs on a person-to-person basis, in a face-to-face manner, without ceremony or fanfare. Other ways to communicate in an informal manner may include texting, post-it notes, an informal drop in visit to another person, or a quick and spontaneous meeting. Informal communication includes all the various methods of relaying information or messages between people. It often is called â€Å"the grapevine† as messages weave back and forth and around people. There are none of the trappings of formal messages, such as company letterhead, planned meetings or specific introductions of guests. Everyone is relaxed and casual, eager to chat about many things, as there is no specific agenda to follow. This type of communication frequently is oral, and works easily for small groups. The scope of the conversation may be broader than a formal presentation, and include topics that are diverse in nature, free flowing and loose rather than scripted carefully. You read "Different Types of Human Communication" in category "Papers" Unfortunately, informal communication is subject to creating rumors and misinformation due to its loose nature and lack of substantiating evidence. This is the type of interaction that occurs in the workplace as banter between employees, or idle chatting. It is seen as blog entries on the Internet. At colleges, students are encouraged to drop by their professors’ offices as needed, informally. Other informal web communication is seen in diaries, personal email letters, instant messaging, emoticons, online chat rooms and cyberspace bulletin boards. Informal communication also may take a non-verbal form as facial expressions, sign language, or manner of dress. In spoken language, the informal communicative style incorporates the use of the second and first voices. This is in contrast to the use of the third person voice in formal communications. One of the visible signs of informal communication is its natural and easy style, as opposed to being formally regimented. There may be the use of colloquialisms and local slang in the course of speech. It is unconventional and without rules, which is just the opposite of formal. Informal communication is used to help put people at ease. This can be seen in an interview situation where an interviewer such as a paralegal needs to make a little small talk to help get clients to relax, feel welcome and open up verbally. The use of informal language is far more prevalent in society than the use of formal language. Formal Communication Formal communication can be considered as communication efforts that are â€Å"dressed up† to fit customary rules and ceremony For example, in a written letter, the formal communication style will demand that the layout of the piece of written communication follow a specific format that includes the date, header, salutation, body of the letter, close, signature lines and any indicators of enclosures all placed neatly upon company letterhead or personal stationery. By contrast, an informal piece of written communication can be as simple as a jotted note to a friend on a torn slip of paper Formal communications are mostly written, although they may now also include formal presentations that are on computer disk, video tape or DVDs, MP3 presentations and other similar electronic reproductions of written communications. Other forms of formal communications include newsletters, legal advisories, invitations, awards, and letters of congratulations. Non-written formal communication devices are in-person communications in the forms of departmental meetings, telephone calls, conferences and special interviews. Some publications that are devoted to a special purpose, such as a company’s annual report, are formal communications. There is a non-verbal component to formal communication as well. The style and manners of the presenter dictate the formalness of a meeting, and this can be immediately seen at the time of introduction of a speaker. Some elements of non-verbal formal communication include maintaining a certain distance from others, standing above the crowd, speaking in formal tones and using formal means of address to others, such as â€Å"Mister† or â€Å"Doctor† when calling upon others. Colloquialisms, which are freely used in informal communication, are not present in formal communications. Proper English or another language is spoken. Formal communications will follow a chain of command in the flow of the communication, either upwards to or down from managers. The use of formal communication is more prevalent in highly technical areas where a message must be exact and specific, leaving no room for misinterpretation. The written communication is carefully thought out, and planned for a certain effect or result. It often is written in a third person non-personal voice of â€Å"he, she, it, and they† rather than â€Å"I† or â€Å"you† voices. Grammar, spelling and layout are important for written communications, and for spoken communications there is an emphasis placed on the quality of the speech voice and pronunciation. Some formal communications are congratulatory, others can be advisory or informational. Legal papers follow a tightly formatted layout that is customary within the professional and widely used by others. Likewise, scientific research papers have a customary format to follow. Any written communication that is expected to adhere to particular rules can be considered to be formal communication, and the actual tone of the piece may range from friendly to threatening. It can be more demanding and imply expectations to the receiver that should create desired results. Communication through Body Language Communication is how human beings interact with the world that surrounds them. There are many forms of communication, some being more effective at conveying the intent or feelings of the individual expressing than others. Many people have a hard time with communication, and can find it difficult to tell others what they think or to give them bad news. Sometimes, they can’t find the right words to express the things they want to say. There are also those people who are not to be believed due to a history of dishonesty or embellishing the truth. One form of communication, however, is always honest and can always be counted on. Body language is a form of communication that is performed subconsciously. It occurs almost constantly, and will almost always give the correct impression that a person has of someone else, the environment, or the situation at hand. Body language makes it easy to know if someone is nervous, scared, interested, or focused, among many other feelings that could be happening. Learning to read body language can be as simple as paying attention to your own body when feeling specific emotions. For example, if you are able to notice the unconscious things that your body does when you are nervous, then it should be simple for you to be able to see when another person is nervous in a certain situation. Often, reading the body language of another person will tell you more than having an actual conversation would, especially if the conversation has the potential to be uncomfortable or is something that no one wants to acknowledge. On the lighter side of body language communication, it can be a very helpful tool in determining how interested another person is in you. When single people meet for the first time, reading the signs of body language can help you to determine if this person has any interest in you beyond friendship. If on a date, the person leans towards you when you are speaking or has their arms at their sides with the front of their body facing towards you, that is a sign that signifies a true interest in the things you are saying. If, on the other hand, they have their arms crossed, are leaning back in their chair with their back turned towards you, and are avoiding contact, they probably are not interested. These are some good physical indicators that you could be wasting your time. Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is any kind of communication not involving words. When the term is used, most people think of facial expressions and gestures, but while these are important elements of nonverbal communication, they are not the only ones. Nonverbal communication can include vocal sounds that are not words such as grunts, sighs, and whimpers. Even when actual words are being used, there are nonverbal sound elements such as voice tone, pacing of speech and so forth. Nonverbal communication can be incorporated in a person’s dress. In our society, a person wearing a police uniform is already communicating an important message before they say a word. Another example is a man’s business suit, which is perceived by some as communicating an air of efficiency and professionalism. While each of these cues conveys a message, so does its absence. In some settings, failing to express a nonverbal cue also communicates meaning. A policeman out of uniform is called â€Å"plainclothes† and is seen as deliberately trying to conceal his role. To some, this may make him seem smart or efficient, while others may consider him sneaky or untrustworthy. In the same way, a businessman who does not wear a suit is conveying an air of casualness which some would consider slightly less professional. In the modern world, â€Å"dressing down† implies a relaxation of professional standards that is much more than just a change of clothes. Many cues are based on learned cultural standards, but there are some elements of nonverbal communication that are universal. Paul Eckman’s landmark research on facial expressions in the 1960? s found that the expressions for emotions such as anger, fear, sadness and surprise are the same across all cultural barriers. The setting where communication takes place also lends a meaning to words apart from their literal definition, and constitutes nonverbal communication. For instance, the word â€Å"tradition† means one thing when it is spoken in City Hall, and quite another when it is spoken in a church. The sign of a cross takes on great cultural meaning when used in a religious context, but on a road sign it just means that an intersection is coming up. Some nonverbal communication accompanies words and modifies their meanings. For instance, our speed of speaking and the pauses we place between our words form a nonverbal element to our speech. A slight pause before a word can imply uncertainty or be interpreted as a request for confirmation from the listener, whereas a lack of pauses can be taken as a sign of confidence or the encouragement of a fast reply from the listener. If someone asks you a question in a hurried manner, you will probably get the feeling that they want a similarly quick reply. The use of personal space constitutes a form of nonverbal communication. If someone leans toward their listener as they speak, it implies that they are communicating something personal or secret. Depending on the social nuances of the situation, this may be taken as a sign of friendship or an unwanted invasion of space. The use of touching as an element of communication is called haptic communication, and its meanings are very culture-dependent. In American society, a handshake, a pat on the shoulder or a â€Å"high five† have certain definite meanings understood by practically everybody. In other societies, these might be enigmatic acts or an embarrassing invasion of personal space. The use of the eyes as an element of nonverbal communication is an area of study in itself, and is called â€Å"oculesics. † Researchers have divided eye movements into separate elements such as the number and length of eye contacts, blink rate, dilation of the pupils and so forth. Here again, the interpretation of these cues is highly dependent on the culture of the participants. A prolonged stare may establish a bond of trust, or destroy it. It may elicit a reply from the person being stared at, or it may make them become uncommunicative from embarrassment. This is how most of our communication takes place. When we consider the amount of nonverbal communication that passes between us and compare it with the mere words we say, it is obvious that the nonverbal part is by far the largest. How to cite Different Types of Human Communication, Papers

Satisfaction of Responsive Mobile Tourism Websites MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Satisfaction of Responsive Mobile Tourism Websites. Answer: Introduction The world is becoming complex so the hospitality and tourism industry is working on change by addressing the challenges and adapting new discontinuous and accelerated environment. Organization need to have flexibility for maintaining efficiency by working on unexpected changes. The leader working at different levels in workplace is having the power for creating innovation and influencing change. Hospitality industry is human intensive so innovation is dependent upon continuous improvement and employee commitment (Lynch, 2015). In this context, the assignment deals with attracting tourist in tourism prevalent in hospitality industry. It deals with presenting 10 sound ideas about innovative and creative techniques form which 1 need to be chosen for further developing it in market place. In tourism and hospitality industry various methodologies are generated for making sue of creative and innovative techniques. The various methods used are as follows: The term brainstorming is the process of rapid pooling of all ideas in a group that comes up in a discussion and judgement also takes place. It is a technique that helps in working towards specific issue that needs to be reviewed and filtered for determining the most appropriate idea (Altinay, Paraskevas and Jang, 2015). The benefit of brainstorming is facilitation technique that encourages participation from all group members present. A brainstorming session takes place in a team by generating profitable source of ideas leading to product innovation for satisfying customer wants. When the discussion was going on for attracting tourist in tourism the members came up with two feasible options- working on sustainability for greener environment and more adventure and trips. The solution generated has many variants as each individual is approached one by one for taking the required action. The concept of six thinking hats is based on parallel thinking in teams rather than choosing the approach of debate and discussion. The team members working in a team is not having the same thinking when sit in a meeting (De Bono, 2015). This framework is having an added advantage of wasting less time in drift and argument as this helps in making better decisions. It is a creative tool established by Dr. Edward De Bono and the six thinking styles are: Black- The individual like to make analysis of facts, works on logical judgement and weighing weakness and strengths of idea. Blue- This hat is aware of other hats and can switch with others too as the focus is on objectives and goals by solving problems White- Is having neutral approach, considers information and works on facts and evidence governing problems Yellow- The person is optimistic, looks for synergies and benefits and forms bridge between positive elements and ideas (De Bono, 2016). Green-Suggestions, creativity, using wild ideas, challenging and provoking, pushing for framing new ideas and allows anything that requires thinking Red- It is having emotional reactions, feelings and responses for generating idea with having an intuitive feeling The idea used is approaching cognitive psychology for working on different approaches and the ideas generated are mobile tourism and personal service to guests. Mind mapping is a learning technique that allowed the users to generate maps of documents in graphic form by allowing the readers to find interrelationship between facts and ideas. It is powerful tool linked to knowledge and details by emphasizing on interconnected information. Mind mapping is used by the teams as a common placeholder for information that helps in growing the map for generating solution (Lewis and Evans, 2008). The process of mind map creation is based on creativity and innovation for coming up with new ideas on established topic. The team is working on generating solutions for attracting tourists that is possible in two ways- leveraging technology by applying robots and treating them with an added culinary experience. Idea boxes are hardest to innovate as it requires working on new ideas but, the reality might be different from truth. The process takes into account testing, prototyping, scaling, iterating and then launching the product. The box provides more suggestion for improving the processes rather than aiming for transformation change. At last it helps in generating illusion that leads to innovation by working in collaborative process from lone inventor (Thinkplaceglobal, 2017). The people who are applying the idea may have little feedback that also proves hindrance for missing the opportunity to develop right idea. The hospitality and tourism industry works on generating ideas out of box for attracting tourists. The solutions provided are focussing on health and wellness, smart travel by making use of wearable technology, mobile tourism and opting for discounts and deals. Australia Innovation Market Innovation can be defined as an open network connected with organization for interacting with each other for operating it conditions that regulate interactions and activities. The three aspects of innovative system is framework conditions, innovation activities and network that work collectively towards economic, environmental value and in aggregate (Drucker, 2014). The term innovative entrepreneurship is working towards shift in market taking place with the help of process innovation or technological product. Innovation core driver is productivity and competitiveness that supports job creation, exports and economic growth. The country Australia gross expenditures on RD increased from 1.48% in 2000 to 2.12% in the year 2013. The most significant change seems to be business proportion inclusive of innovation that rose from 14.3% in 2005 to 18.8% in between 2012-13 (industry.gov, 2015). When survey was conducted by Global Innovation Index in the year 2015 it stated that Australia need to develop is innovation inputs into outputs as they are less efficient. According to Sherry, (2015) tourism in Australia needs to be innovated by developing big ideas for continued growth. It was seen that between 2013-14 tourism sector was employing 530,000 Australians and it has been identified as super growth sectors that can add up to $250bn in next 20 years. The tourism alone contributes to around $11bn for having an opportunity to deliver success. One of the strategic areas focussed by Australia is building digital competitive capability as per the reports 80% of Australians would go online by 2020 (tourism.australia, 2011). The aim is developing efficient and strong transactional and digital marketing capability for remaining competitive in true terms. The Australia government is ensuring that enterprises should use online opportunity for expanding tourism. Digital Technology The introduction of one chosen idea in Australia tourism for attracting tourist in hospitality industry is mobile tourism. Mobile tourism refers to visiting any destination virtually by being mobile irrespective of visiting it physically for collecting knowledge about services and information about the place. The mobile hospitality industry offers core function to both operations and guest service as it is the first step for reaching. It is an evolving platform that offers various services like reservation, guest service, marketing, additional benefits etc. for attracting tourists (Lamsfus, Alzua-Sorzabal and Xiang, 2015). Mobile hospitality is viewed as a process of guest engagement that requires change and viewing it as a destination too. In Australia mobile technology is essential for Management business by making use of Smartphone as it is seen that number of mobile users in 2013 was expected to be 134m. The customers are constantly aiming towards taking advantage of gathering information, booking tickets and reviewing while travelling. The pros of using this mobile technology for travellers is ability to connect with internet by either using iPhone, mobile or Wi-Fi and replacing use of PC. The tourists could also use the technology with social media for sharing and sending photos, uploading videos and updating favourite sites as tourist are travelling (tourism.vic.gov.au, 2011). It helps in looking for occupancy by downloading the application and the website needs to be simple so that customer can read. The tourist need and wants have to be understood for developing the right mobile technology that serves added advantage to business. Mobile technology offers innovation as a promotion strategy for making the customers aware about the services. In present era travellers need to make use of web by connecting it to their mobile devices such as iPad or Smartphone. The good thing for travellers using mobile is utilising it for initial research and booking, finding the right type of accommodation as per individual choice. Similarly, it is about viewing the local activities taking place in specific destination and local attractions (Groth and Haslwanter, 2015). It is a technological based innovation project that includes offering services online via fast track mode. The core element of innovation is based on introducing or adopting one or more areas- a new quality or good product, production methods, marketing techniques and new firm management. It also acts as market innovation which is based on connecting with consumers through direct mail, loyalty programs, developing one to one relationship etc. The development of mobile tourism is itself an innovative way for attracting customers and audience for expanding business base. This makes the visitors to plan trips in easier manner as they already have the information and the technology provides great experience (Hjalager, 2010). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that innovation and creativity is a technique to create something new or developing the existing product. The tourism and hospitality industry is working on new ways to attract tourists. The implementation of mobile tourism is a success in itself for attracting more tourists in hospitality sector. 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