The Equal Protection Clause - 783 Words

Racism is a powerful piece in our nations history. About more than 60 years ago, we struggled in a society of discrimination and racial segregation. We lived in a time of cruelty because we didn’t see eye to eye with a person who had a different skin color. But overtime we have evolved from racism and focused on fairness. The interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment has contributed to racial equality by the Equal Protection clause. The clause was a deciding factor in cases that involved racism. Though it sometimes limited rights, the Equal Protection clause eventually became a key element to justice. Lum vs. Rice (1927) was a Supreme Court case where the Mississippi education board did not allow a nine year old girl to attend the†¦show more content†¦Unlike the Lum vs. Rice case, â€Å"separate but equal† had no place for society because it was now (legally) seen as unfair. The Brown vs. Board of Education repealed the Lum vs. Rice case and the discriminatory Plessy vs. Ferguson case. The Brown vs. Board of Education case did not fully desegregate public schools, but it influenced a sea of activists to start making a change. From bus boycotts to the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the civil rights movement turned into a revolution. Lum vs. Rice and Brown vs. Board of Education included the equal protection clause from the 14th Amendment where the state can’t â€Å"deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of laws.† In Lum vs. Rice, the 14th Amendment limited the rights of the Lum family because they were classified as â€Å"colored.† In Brown vs. Board of Education, the 14th Amendment expanded the rights of students because schools were now segregated. These cases are different not only because of their outcomes but because of a change in time. The 1920s were much more conservative years compared to the 1950s. We’ve started to evolve from the tradition of keeping things separate to choosing to live as equals. Today, we are free from discrimination. People from different cultures and ethnicities can come together in school, work, etc. But race plays a small factor in the job industry and admittingShow MoreRelatedThe Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amen dment976 Words   |  4 Pagesthe University of Texas with the claim that the University had violated the Equal Protection Clause of the 13th Amendment. The main question that arose in the question was, â€Å"does the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment permit the consideration of race in undergraduate admissions decisions†. The overall decision of the Supreme Court was that the University of Texas hadn’t violated the Equal Protection Clause, and in fact that they were permitted to consider race in the admissions processRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause Of The Fourteenth Amendment3764 Words   |  16 PagesThe equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution was at first created to protect against racial discrimination, but the Supreme Court later expanded the clause to also providing equal treatment amongst different races. The clause says, â€Å"No state shall†¦deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal pro tection of the laws† (U.S. Constitution. Art./Amend. XIV, Sec. 1.) A person could not be discriminated upon solely because of his or her race and if the law treated aRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause From The Fourteenth Amendment1137 Words   |  5 PagesThe Equal Protection Clause derives from the Fourteenth Amendment, which specifies â€Å"no state shall deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws†¦Ã¢â‚¬  As a part of the Reconstruction Amendments, the aforementioned clause was meant to ensure racial equality in the Reconstruction Period and has been applied successfully against the affirmative action. Introduced in United States v. Carolene Products Co., the strict scrutiny has been applied to the cases, in which a fundamentalRead MoreThe Federal Sentencing Guidelines And The Equal Protection Clause1343 Words   |  6 PagesWomen are twice as likely as men to avoid incarceration if convicted of a crime. Whether or not this is fair , though, is highly debated. Some politicians argue that women’s prisons be abolished all together, while Men’s Rights Activists push for equal sentencing for comparable crimes. It has been proven that judges tend to give women less time in prison, or no incarceration at all, and the reasons for this support the imbalance in sentencing. Though many view women’s tendency to receive lighter punishmentsRead MoreThe Equal Protection Clause Of The United States Constitution1496 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment of the United States Constitution sanctioned all 50 States to protect all citizens, by requiring that all citizens are treated according to the Bill of Rights, by protecting â€Å"the inalienable rights of all its citizens† (Fisher, 2013, pg. 3). Although, the inalienable rights of men are projected differently, both from a Biblical perspective and a Constitution, Declaration, there are or will be several morals violations among citizensRead More Gender Equality and the Law Essay1045 Words   |  5 Pagesstate must show a compelling interest in its legislation, and â€Å"must demonstrate that the means are necessarily related to the ends sought to be achieved by the statue and are the least restrictive† (Mezey 16). Today, it is debatable whether women are equal to men in the eyes of the law. However, without the Women’s Rights Project’s litigation of the nineteen seventies, women would be remain subjected to stereotypical legal treatment and thus would still be regulated to an inferior status of citizenshipRead MoreDue Process Procedures Essay1020 Words   |  5 Pagesdue process simply mean educators accused of something have protection. The protection should be fair and reasonable to balance social concern such as government affair and criminal behavior. The employee rights originated from state and federal constitutional provisions, statues, and regulations. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 protects educators employed in private or public schools (Oliva, 2009). In addition, the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment protects educators from discrimination;Read MoreA Closer Look At The Fourteenth Amendment s Equal Protection Clause2421 Words   |  10 PagesMarkus Allard Professor Anne Redding Administrative Justice 245 20 November 2016 A Closer Look At The Fourteenth Amendment’s Equal Protection Clause Our 14th amendment is perhaps the most important amendment because it helps defend some of our fundamental rights. This amendment extends the due process procedure to all citizens when trying to deprive them of life, liberty, or property. The amendment also ensures that everyone born in the United States or naturalized is guaranteed citizenship.Read MoreRace And National Origin Of The Court s Current Equal Protection Clause1830 Words   |  8 PagesIn recent decades, the Supreme Court has not granted certiorari for many gender-based discrimination cases, and consequently there has not been much jurisprudential progress lately regarding Equal Protection Clause claims. It is not uncommon for the Supreme Court to back off of certain issues that they feel are largely solved for the time being. Feeling that the existing precedent is satisfactory, the Court has not shown a desire to alter the test for gender-based claims and have settled on usingRead MoreThe Constitutional Court Book By Jack Fruchtman Jr.1331 Words   |  6 Pages The Right to â€Å"Liberty† and the Right to Equal Protection in the Fourteenth Amendment In the United States Constitution, the Fourteenth Amendment states â€Å"No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.† (Law.Cornell) Many of the cases that have

Rationalism - 732 Words

Rationalism In Plato’s Meno it begins with a debate between a fictional Socrates and Meno about whether virtue can be taught or if it is acquired in another way. Socrates begins to prove his point when he asks the slaves about the geometry question. When the slave answers the question, Socrates suggests to Meno that they inquire this together. Meno argues with his â€Å"Meno’s Paradox† that, â€Å"one logically cannot inquire productivity into what one does not already know† (Meno 58). Then Socrates continues to make Meno question his own beliefs when the slave recognizes the answer to geometrical problem. Socrates proceeds to confirm with the concept that the sole is immortal and the slave was â€Å"recollecting† knowledge that the soul already had.†¦show more content†¦Descartes goes through valid and well thought-out arguments to come to find realizations. He concentrates on knowledge rather than action. In the Third Meditation, Descarte s continues to introduce the idea that God is innate. Descartes introduces the role of God in the Third Meditation. He suggests that you can use your intuition, but you can’t use time or senses. Descartes uses the teleological argument to show innate things. It consists of teleological intuition which has two caused principles. One is that everything has a cause with at least as much reality as it has itself. The other principle is that everything with objective reality has a cause with formal reality. Objective realities are things like images and ideas, and formal reality is the kind of reality it has by virtue. There are infinite and finite substances which are both types of formal reality. Finite substances cause properties, but the properties depend on the finite substances for their existence, but infinite substances don’t depend on anything at all. There are certain standards the infinite and finite substances must have to have an idea of an idea mind such as, G od. Through this argument, Descartes is trying to introduce the idea that God is innate. Descartes and Plato’s arguments all did come to the conclusion that knowledge was an innate. Both philosophers believe that you can come to realizations of the truth. Plato believes that you have the concept to begin withShow MoreRelatedRationalism And Empiricism1119 Words   |  5 Pagesgive knowledge (Markie, 2017). Rationalism and empiricism can be related. The two methods only conflict when covering the same subject. Philosophers can be either a rationalist or empiricist but agree or disagree with some of the theories under each category (Markie, 2017). This concept can slow down the advancement of our understanding. The big debate is typically over truths about external reality and our knowledge of the external world Markie, 2017). Rationalism and empiricism are both used inRead MoreRationalism Vs Empiricism : Rationalism Versus Empiricism1385 Words   |  6 PagesDodely Dolce â€Å"Rationalism vs Empiricism† Today in society, many people are free to follow whichever philosophical view that they feel is right for them. Each philosophical view has a different set of beliefs, and many philosophers went through great lengths to prove that the philosophical view of their choice was the best one. In this paper I will be talking about two philosophical theories. The first one is called Empiricism, and it was made famous by a philosopher named David Hume. EmpiricismRead MoreThe Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution1509 Words   |  7 PagesBen Jorgensen Professor Wakefield English 5 3 April 2013 The Influence of Rationalism on the French Revolution What was the driving force behind the French Revolution? Many people may say it was financial, or political, and while I would agree that these things were part of the force that propelled the French Revolution, I would assert that the philosophies of the Enlightenment were the dominant force that blasted late eighteenth century France into revolution . In his article, â€Å"The FrenchRead MoreRationalism - Descartes, Spinoza and Leibniz1731 Words   |  7 PagesRationalism is the principle that maintains that through reason alone we can gain at least some positive knowledge of the world. The three major rationalists, Rene Descartes, Baruch Spinoza and Gottfried Welhelm Leibniz, used this idea in order to defy skepticism and expose the true nature of reality. However, each philosopher is frequently in disagreement. The idea for ‘God’, and what constitutes substance, matter and reality are the four key structural beliefs that aid each rationalist in the formingRead Mor eThe Cartesian Rationalism Of Descartes2097 Words   |  9 PagesCartesian Rationalism Descartes is considered to be the father of modern day Western Philosophy, and was a mathematician who began to consider if what he knew was actually true. Born into medieval times where the global knowledge was coming unwound, everything that had been considered common knowledge was coming into question. He concluded that nothing was true, unless you could sway any argument against it. This method of system doubt would leave him with a core bit of knowledge to build upon, butRead MoreEssay about Rationalism and Empiricism1486 Words   |  6 PagesRationalism and Empiricism Rationalism and Empiricism are most likely the two most famous and intriguing schools of philosophy. The two schools deal specifically with epistemology, or, the origin of knowledge. Although not completely opposite, they are often considered so, and are seen as the Jordan vs. Bird of the philosophy world. The origins of rationalism and empiricism can be traced back to the 17th century, when many important advancements were made in scientific fields such as astronomyRead MoreAristotle s Theory And Rationalism900 Words   |  4 Pagesreliable are our senses and past experiences. On the contrary, Rationalists believe that after they observe, they must use logic and reason to further understand the causes (Galen, 1985). In the end, Aristotle used elements of both empiricism and rationalism to support his claims about how the universe works. Aristotle uses observation quite often, just as the Empiricists do, to begin his arguments. They specifically believe that knowledge of the world comes from our senses, past experiences, and observationsRead MoreRationalism vs. Empiricism Essay1573 Words   |  7 PagesRationalism and empiricism were two philosophical schools in the 17th and 18th centuries, that were expressing opposite views on some subjects, including knowledge. While the debate between the rationalist and empiricist schools did not have any relationship to the study of psychology at the time, it has contributed greatly to facilitating the possibility of establishing the discipline of Psychology. This essay will describe the empiricist and rationalist debate, and will relate this debate to theRead MoreDifferences Between Rationalism And Empiricism1890 Words   |  8 PagesIn what follows I will define and differentiate between rationalism and empiricism and illustrate the core beliefs and justifications from bot h sides. As defined by Horrigan, epistemology is the â€Å"science and study of knowledge, primarily occupied with what we know, and how we come to know it.† (Horrigan 2007, 8) Rationalism, as Nelson highlights, is the belief that â€Å"reason gains our knowledge of the world alone, whereas empiricism is the belief that all knowledge is based on experiences derived fromRead MoreCartesian Rationalism Vs. Locke s Empiricism Essay1632 Words   |  7 PagesTO PHILOSOPHY Introduction to Philosophy Name Institution INTRODUCTION TO PHILOSOPHY Cartesian rationalism vs. Locke’s empiricism Rene Descartes was a rationalist who believed that knowledge of the world can be gained by the exercise of pure reason, while empiricist like Locke believed that knowledge of the world came through senses. Descartes from his

Different Types of Human Communication Free Essays

string(43) " and loose rather than scripted carefully\." Different Types of Human Communication Most animals communicate with each other in some way. Dogs bark at those they perceive as a threat in order to communicate their hostility and in some cases the threat that they will attack if provoked; bees have a pouch in which they carry the scent of their hive so as to identify themselves as members of the community. However, it is only in humans that communication breaks off into different types of communication: verbal and non-verbal, and formal and informal. We will write a custom essay sample on Different Types of Human Communication or any similar topic only for you Order Now Verbal communication is just what one would expect from the name: communication using words, and in some cases written characters. There are subcategories for verbal communication, depending on who is at the receiving end of the communication. The main division is between interpersonal communication, in which one person speaks directly to another person, and public or group speaking, in which one person speaks to a large group. From here, the intention of the person speaking breaks it down into still further categories depending on whether they are trying to persuade the listener or listeners to think or act in a certain way, to convey information in the clearest manner possible, or even to entertain. However, in many cases, the intentions of the speaker will overlap: speakers may want to persuade, inform, and entertain their audiences all at the same time. Sometimes, they may even be unaware of what their true intentions are themselves. Non-verbal communication is the type that is more similar to what the dogs and bees mentioned above do. Non-verbal communication includes all the information we convey to others, whether consciously or subconsciously, without actually using any words. Probably the most ubiquitous example of non verbal communication is that of facial expressions. For example, when a person rolls their eyes at someone, they are expressing skepticism about what the speaker said. They are not using any words to convey this message, but using their understanding of the non-verbal cues they can send that message without having to explicitly say, â€Å"I really find what you are saying unbelievable†. Not all facial expressions are so calculated though: there are those like smiles that come naturally when someone is happy, and indicate this to others. Beyond these more explicit examples, there are more subtle instances of non-verbal communication. For example, clothing: just as the male peacock uses a vibrant display of his colorful feathers to signal to a potential mate that he is a desirable choice, people use clothing in order to send messages about themselves (whether they are true or not). In this vein, a man going to a job interview will usually wear a suit and tie in order to convey the idea that he is a very professional person. Unlike facial expressions, this kind of non-verbal communication is more like verbal communication because it is arbitrary – there is no intrinsic reason why a suit and tie should convey the idea of professionalism any more than a Japanese kimono would. It is simply that it has become a cultural norm that a suit and tie is what a professional person wears, and as such it becomes a symbol and a means of non-verbal communication. Formal communication is more strongly associated with large and small group speaking. It is more rule bound, and is more centered on the speaker getting some kind of result. For example, speaking to a board room full of business executives in order to convince them to accept a marketing strategy is an example of formal communication: what is said and how it is said is rule-bound to what is considered appropriate for the setting, and it is directed toward the specific end of getting the executives to accept the ad campaign. Furthermore, their are instances of symbolic non-verbal communication, such as the wearing of business attire in order to appear professional. Informal communication is associated with interpersonal communication. While it is still rule bound by the social norms of the those communicating, there is much more room for the speaker to be free in what he or she says. Informal communication is also much less tied to specific ends: in many cases, it takes place simply for the speaker to express what they think and feel about anything in particular, and the speaking is undertaken as an end it itself. It is a much more emotionally involved form of communication, in large part because there is less emphasis on symbolic non-verbal communication and more emphasis on saying what one really feels. Although these various types of communication are very different, they are all indispensable tools for communicating with and understanding others. In order to be able to look at others and truly appreciate what they are trying to convey and whether what they are saying has any value, one needs to have a thorough understanding of all types. Informal Communication If formal communication is viewed like dressing for a black tie affair, informal communication is like dressing casually and wearing slippers around the house. Much informal communication occurs on a person-to-person basis, in a face-to-face manner, without ceremony or fanfare. Other ways to communicate in an informal manner may include texting, post-it notes, an informal drop in visit to another person, or a quick and spontaneous meeting. Informal communication includes all the various methods of relaying information or messages between people. It often is called â€Å"the grapevine† as messages weave back and forth and around people. There are none of the trappings of formal messages, such as company letterhead, planned meetings or specific introductions of guests. Everyone is relaxed and casual, eager to chat about many things, as there is no specific agenda to follow. This type of communication frequently is oral, and works easily for small groups. The scope of the conversation may be broader than a formal presentation, and include topics that are diverse in nature, free flowing and loose rather than scripted carefully. You read "Different Types of Human Communication" in category "Papers" Unfortunately, informal communication is subject to creating rumors and misinformation due to its loose nature and lack of substantiating evidence. This is the type of interaction that occurs in the workplace as banter between employees, or idle chatting. It is seen as blog entries on the Internet. At colleges, students are encouraged to drop by their professors’ offices as needed, informally. Other informal web communication is seen in diaries, personal email letters, instant messaging, emoticons, online chat rooms and cyberspace bulletin boards. Informal communication also may take a non-verbal form as facial expressions, sign language, or manner of dress. In spoken language, the informal communicative style incorporates the use of the second and first voices. This is in contrast to the use of the third person voice in formal communications. One of the visible signs of informal communication is its natural and easy style, as opposed to being formally regimented. There may be the use of colloquialisms and local slang in the course of speech. It is unconventional and without rules, which is just the opposite of formal. Informal communication is used to help put people at ease. This can be seen in an interview situation where an interviewer such as a paralegal needs to make a little small talk to help get clients to relax, feel welcome and open up verbally. The use of informal language is far more prevalent in society than the use of formal language. Formal Communication Formal communication can be considered as communication efforts that are â€Å"dressed up† to fit customary rules and ceremony For example, in a written letter, the formal communication style will demand that the layout of the piece of written communication follow a specific format that includes the date, header, salutation, body of the letter, close, signature lines and any indicators of enclosures all placed neatly upon company letterhead or personal stationery. By contrast, an informal piece of written communication can be as simple as a jotted note to a friend on a torn slip of paper Formal communications are mostly written, although they may now also include formal presentations that are on computer disk, video tape or DVDs, MP3 presentations and other similar electronic reproductions of written communications. Other forms of formal communications include newsletters, legal advisories, invitations, awards, and letters of congratulations. Non-written formal communication devices are in-person communications in the forms of departmental meetings, telephone calls, conferences and special interviews. Some publications that are devoted to a special purpose, such as a company’s annual report, are formal communications. There is a non-verbal component to formal communication as well. The style and manners of the presenter dictate the formalness of a meeting, and this can be immediately seen at the time of introduction of a speaker. Some elements of non-verbal formal communication include maintaining a certain distance from others, standing above the crowd, speaking in formal tones and using formal means of address to others, such as â€Å"Mister† or â€Å"Doctor† when calling upon others. Colloquialisms, which are freely used in informal communication, are not present in formal communications. Proper English or another language is spoken. Formal communications will follow a chain of command in the flow of the communication, either upwards to or down from managers. The use of formal communication is more prevalent in highly technical areas where a message must be exact and specific, leaving no room for misinterpretation. The written communication is carefully thought out, and planned for a certain effect or result. It often is written in a third person non-personal voice of â€Å"he, she, it, and they† rather than â€Å"I† or â€Å"you† voices. Grammar, spelling and layout are important for written communications, and for spoken communications there is an emphasis placed on the quality of the speech voice and pronunciation. Some formal communications are congratulatory, others can be advisory or informational. Legal papers follow a tightly formatted layout that is customary within the professional and widely used by others. Likewise, scientific research papers have a customary format to follow. Any written communication that is expected to adhere to particular rules can be considered to be formal communication, and the actual tone of the piece may range from friendly to threatening. It can be more demanding and imply expectations to the receiver that should create desired results. Communication through Body Language Communication is how human beings interact with the world that surrounds them. There are many forms of communication, some being more effective at conveying the intent or feelings of the individual expressing than others. Many people have a hard time with communication, and can find it difficult to tell others what they think or to give them bad news. Sometimes, they can’t find the right words to express the things they want to say. There are also those people who are not to be believed due to a history of dishonesty or embellishing the truth. One form of communication, however, is always honest and can always be counted on. Body language is a form of communication that is performed subconsciously. It occurs almost constantly, and will almost always give the correct impression that a person has of someone else, the environment, or the situation at hand. Body language makes it easy to know if someone is nervous, scared, interested, or focused, among many other feelings that could be happening. Learning to read body language can be as simple as paying attention to your own body when feeling specific emotions. For example, if you are able to notice the unconscious things that your body does when you are nervous, then it should be simple for you to be able to see when another person is nervous in a certain situation. Often, reading the body language of another person will tell you more than having an actual conversation would, especially if the conversation has the potential to be uncomfortable or is something that no one wants to acknowledge. On the lighter side of body language communication, it can be a very helpful tool in determining how interested another person is in you. When single people meet for the first time, reading the signs of body language can help you to determine if this person has any interest in you beyond friendship. If on a date, the person leans towards you when you are speaking or has their arms at their sides with the front of their body facing towards you, that is a sign that signifies a true interest in the things you are saying. If, on the other hand, they have their arms crossed, are leaning back in their chair with their back turned towards you, and are avoiding contact, they probably are not interested. These are some good physical indicators that you could be wasting your time. Nonverbal Communication Nonverbal communication is any kind of communication not involving words. When the term is used, most people think of facial expressions and gestures, but while these are important elements of nonverbal communication, they are not the only ones. Nonverbal communication can include vocal sounds that are not words such as grunts, sighs, and whimpers. Even when actual words are being used, there are nonverbal sound elements such as voice tone, pacing of speech and so forth. Nonverbal communication can be incorporated in a person’s dress. In our society, a person wearing a police uniform is already communicating an important message before they say a word. Another example is a man’s business suit, which is perceived by some as communicating an air of efficiency and professionalism. While each of these cues conveys a message, so does its absence. In some settings, failing to express a nonverbal cue also communicates meaning. A policeman out of uniform is called â€Å"plainclothes† and is seen as deliberately trying to conceal his role. To some, this may make him seem smart or efficient, while others may consider him sneaky or untrustworthy. In the same way, a businessman who does not wear a suit is conveying an air of casualness which some would consider slightly less professional. In the modern world, â€Å"dressing down† implies a relaxation of professional standards that is much more than just a change of clothes. Many cues are based on learned cultural standards, but there are some elements of nonverbal communication that are universal. Paul Eckman’s landmark research on facial expressions in the 1960? s found that the expressions for emotions such as anger, fear, sadness and surprise are the same across all cultural barriers. The setting where communication takes place also lends a meaning to words apart from their literal definition, and constitutes nonverbal communication. For instance, the word â€Å"tradition† means one thing when it is spoken in City Hall, and quite another when it is spoken in a church. The sign of a cross takes on great cultural meaning when used in a religious context, but on a road sign it just means that an intersection is coming up. Some nonverbal communication accompanies words and modifies their meanings. For instance, our speed of speaking and the pauses we place between our words form a nonverbal element to our speech. A slight pause before a word can imply uncertainty or be interpreted as a request for confirmation from the listener, whereas a lack of pauses can be taken as a sign of confidence or the encouragement of a fast reply from the listener. If someone asks you a question in a hurried manner, you will probably get the feeling that they want a similarly quick reply. The use of personal space constitutes a form of nonverbal communication. If someone leans toward their listener as they speak, it implies that they are communicating something personal or secret. Depending on the social nuances of the situation, this may be taken as a sign of friendship or an unwanted invasion of space. The use of touching as an element of communication is called haptic communication, and its meanings are very culture-dependent. In American society, a handshake, a pat on the shoulder or a â€Å"high five† have certain definite meanings understood by practically everybody. In other societies, these might be enigmatic acts or an embarrassing invasion of personal space. The use of the eyes as an element of nonverbal communication is an area of study in itself, and is called â€Å"oculesics. † Researchers have divided eye movements into separate elements such as the number and length of eye contacts, blink rate, dilation of the pupils and so forth. Here again, the interpretation of these cues is highly dependent on the culture of the participants. A prolonged stare may establish a bond of trust, or destroy it. It may elicit a reply from the person being stared at, or it may make them become uncommunicative from embarrassment. This is how most of our communication takes place. When we consider the amount of nonverbal communication that passes between us and compare it with the mere words we say, it is obvious that the nonverbal part is by far the largest. How to cite Different Types of Human Communication, Papers

Satisfaction of Responsive Mobile Tourism Websites MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about the Satisfaction of Responsive Mobile Tourism Websites. Answer: Introduction The world is becoming complex so the hospitality and tourism industry is working on change by addressing the challenges and adapting new discontinuous and accelerated environment. Organization need to have flexibility for maintaining efficiency by working on unexpected changes. The leader working at different levels in workplace is having the power for creating innovation and influencing change. Hospitality industry is human intensive so innovation is dependent upon continuous improvement and employee commitment (Lynch, 2015). In this context, the assignment deals with attracting tourist in tourism prevalent in hospitality industry. It deals with presenting 10 sound ideas about innovative and creative techniques form which 1 need to be chosen for further developing it in market place. In tourism and hospitality industry various methodologies are generated for making sue of creative and innovative techniques. The various methods used are as follows: The term brainstorming is the process of rapid pooling of all ideas in a group that comes up in a discussion and judgement also takes place. It is a technique that helps in working towards specific issue that needs to be reviewed and filtered for determining the most appropriate idea (Altinay, Paraskevas and Jang, 2015). The benefit of brainstorming is facilitation technique that encourages participation from all group members present. A brainstorming session takes place in a team by generating profitable source of ideas leading to product innovation for satisfying customer wants. When the discussion was going on for attracting tourist in tourism the members came up with two feasible options- working on sustainability for greener environment and more adventure and trips. The solution generated has many variants as each individual is approached one by one for taking the required action. The concept of six thinking hats is based on parallel thinking in teams rather than choosing the approach of debate and discussion. The team members working in a team is not having the same thinking when sit in a meeting (De Bono, 2015). This framework is having an added advantage of wasting less time in drift and argument as this helps in making better decisions. It is a creative tool established by Dr. Edward De Bono and the six thinking styles are: Black- The individual like to make analysis of facts, works on logical judgement and weighing weakness and strengths of idea. Blue- This hat is aware of other hats and can switch with others too as the focus is on objectives and goals by solving problems White- Is having neutral approach, considers information and works on facts and evidence governing problems Yellow- The person is optimistic, looks for synergies and benefits and forms bridge between positive elements and ideas (De Bono, 2016). Green-Suggestions, creativity, using wild ideas, challenging and provoking, pushing for framing new ideas and allows anything that requires thinking Red- It is having emotional reactions, feelings and responses for generating idea with having an intuitive feeling The idea used is approaching cognitive psychology for working on different approaches and the ideas generated are mobile tourism and personal service to guests. Mind mapping is a learning technique that allowed the users to generate maps of documents in graphic form by allowing the readers to find interrelationship between facts and ideas. It is powerful tool linked to knowledge and details by emphasizing on interconnected information. Mind mapping is used by the teams as a common placeholder for information that helps in growing the map for generating solution (Lewis and Evans, 2008). The process of mind map creation is based on creativity and innovation for coming up with new ideas on established topic. The team is working on generating solutions for attracting tourists that is possible in two ways- leveraging technology by applying robots and treating them with an added culinary experience. Idea boxes are hardest to innovate as it requires working on new ideas but, the reality might be different from truth. The process takes into account testing, prototyping, scaling, iterating and then launching the product. The box provides more suggestion for improving the processes rather than aiming for transformation change. At last it helps in generating illusion that leads to innovation by working in collaborative process from lone inventor (Thinkplaceglobal, 2017). The people who are applying the idea may have little feedback that also proves hindrance for missing the opportunity to develop right idea. The hospitality and tourism industry works on generating ideas out of box for attracting tourists. The solutions provided are focussing on health and wellness, smart travel by making use of wearable technology, mobile tourism and opting for discounts and deals. Australia Innovation Market Innovation can be defined as an open network connected with organization for interacting with each other for operating it conditions that regulate interactions and activities. The three aspects of innovative system is framework conditions, innovation activities and network that work collectively towards economic, environmental value and in aggregate (Drucker, 2014). The term innovative entrepreneurship is working towards shift in market taking place with the help of process innovation or technological product. Innovation core driver is productivity and competitiveness that supports job creation, exports and economic growth. The country Australia gross expenditures on RD increased from 1.48% in 2000 to 2.12% in the year 2013. The most significant change seems to be business proportion inclusive of innovation that rose from 14.3% in 2005 to 18.8% in between 2012-13 (industry.gov, 2015). When survey was conducted by Global Innovation Index in the year 2015 it stated that Australia need to develop is innovation inputs into outputs as they are less efficient. According to Sherry, (2015) tourism in Australia needs to be innovated by developing big ideas for continued growth. It was seen that between 2013-14 tourism sector was employing 530,000 Australians and it has been identified as super growth sectors that can add up to $250bn in next 20 years. The tourism alone contributes to around $11bn for having an opportunity to deliver success. One of the strategic areas focussed by Australia is building digital competitive capability as per the reports 80% of Australians would go online by 2020 (tourism.australia, 2011). The aim is developing efficient and strong transactional and digital marketing capability for remaining competitive in true terms. The Australia government is ensuring that enterprises should use online opportunity for expanding tourism. Digital Technology The introduction of one chosen idea in Australia tourism for attracting tourist in hospitality industry is mobile tourism. Mobile tourism refers to visiting any destination virtually by being mobile irrespective of visiting it physically for collecting knowledge about services and information about the place. The mobile hospitality industry offers core function to both operations and guest service as it is the first step for reaching. It is an evolving platform that offers various services like reservation, guest service, marketing, additional benefits etc. for attracting tourists (Lamsfus, Alzua-Sorzabal and Xiang, 2015). Mobile hospitality is viewed as a process of guest engagement that requires change and viewing it as a destination too. In Australia mobile technology is essential for Management business by making use of Smartphone as it is seen that number of mobile users in 2013 was expected to be 134m. The customers are constantly aiming towards taking advantage of gathering information, booking tickets and reviewing while travelling. The pros of using this mobile technology for travellers is ability to connect with internet by either using iPhone, mobile or Wi-Fi and replacing use of PC. The tourists could also use the technology with social media for sharing and sending photos, uploading videos and updating favourite sites as tourist are travelling (tourism.vic.gov.au, 2011). It helps in looking for occupancy by downloading the application and the website needs to be simple so that customer can read. The tourist need and wants have to be understood for developing the right mobile technology that serves added advantage to business. Mobile technology offers innovation as a promotion strategy for making the customers aware about the services. In present era travellers need to make use of web by connecting it to their mobile devices such as iPad or Smartphone. The good thing for travellers using mobile is utilising it for initial research and booking, finding the right type of accommodation as per individual choice. Similarly, it is about viewing the local activities taking place in specific destination and local attractions (Groth and Haslwanter, 2015). It is a technological based innovation project that includes offering services online via fast track mode. The core element of innovation is based on introducing or adopting one or more areas- a new quality or good product, production methods, marketing techniques and new firm management. It also acts as market innovation which is based on connecting with consumers through direct mail, loyalty programs, developing one to one relationship etc. The development of mobile tourism is itself an innovative way for attracting customers and audience for expanding business base. This makes the visitors to plan trips in easier manner as they already have the information and the technology provides great experience (Hjalager, 2010). Conclusion From the above discussion it can be concluded that innovation and creativity is a technique to create something new or developing the existing product. The tourism and hospitality industry is working on new ways to attract tourists. The implementation of mobile tourism is a success in itself for attracting more tourists in hospitality sector. References Altinay, L., Paraskevas, A. and Jang, S.S., (2015). Planning research in hospitality and tourism. Routledge. De Bono, E., (2015). Serious Creativity: How to be creative under pressure and turn ideas into action. Random House. De Bono, E., (2016). Parallel thinking. Random House. Drucker, P., (2014). Innovation and entrepreneurship. Routledge. Groth, A. and Haslwanter, D. (2015). Efficiency, effectiveness, and satisfaction of responsive mobile tourism websites: a mobile usability study.Information Technology Tourism, 16(2), pp.201-228. Hjalager, A.M., (2010). A review of innovation research in tourism. Tourism management, 31(1), pp.1-12. industry.gov. (2015).Australian Innovation System Report. [online] Available at: https://www.industry.gov.au/Office-of-the-Chief-Economist/Publications/Documents/Australian-Innovation-System/Australian-Innovation-System-Report-2015.pdf [Accessed 4 May 2017]. Lamsfus, C., Wang, D., Alzua-Sorzabal, A. and Xiang, Z., (2015). Going mobile: Defining context for on-the-go travelers. Journal of Travel Research, 54(6), pp.691-701. Lewis, C. and Evans, R. (2008).Mind mapping for a Management business advantage. 1st ed. Alexandria, Va.: ASTD Press. Lynch, P. (2015). Understanding hospitality.Hospitality Society, 5(1), pp.3-5. Sherry, A. (2015). Australias tourism industry needs innovation and big ideas to continue to grow.The Telegraph. [online] Available at: https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/australias-tourism-industry-needs-innovation-and-big-ideas-to-continue-to-grow/news-story/53078ef6405ad0c433612722c6fdbde7 [Accessed 4 May 2017]. Thinkplaceglobal. (2017).Think outside the Idea Box | ThinkPlace. [online] Available at: https://www.thinkplaceglobal.com/insights/think-outside-idea-box [Accessed 4 May 2017]. tourism.australia. (2011).Tourism 2020. [online] Available at: https://www.tourism.australia.com/documents/Tourism_2020_overview.pdf [Accessed 4 May 2017]. tourism.vic.gov.au. (2011).MobileTechnologyForTourism. [online] Available at: https://www.tourism.vic.gov.au/images/stories/ATDW_EKIT/tourism_e_kit_v7_50.pdf [Accessed 4 May 2017].

Ascertain cause manner and time of death essays

Ascertain cause manner and time of death essays Ascertain cause, Manner, and Time of Death The Presumptive Sings of Death include cessation of respiration, cessation of heartbeat, changes in the eyes, and cooling of the body. Positive signs of death indicate that death has occurred. This includes postmortem lividity, postmortem rigidity, instantaneous rigor, postmortem decomposition, and insect invasion. All of these signs of death can help you determine time, cause, and manor of death. Cessation of respiration is the apparent lack of breathing. In certain types of death like electrocution and drowning, the victim may not be breathing but life may still exist. To determine if breathing is occurring, watch movements of the chest and abdomen. You can also hold a mirror over the mouth or nose too see if the victim is breathing. If breathing is absent, other signs of death should be looked for. Cessation of heartbeat is the absence of the heart beating. A person qualified using a stethoscope can only determine it. The doctor can't always detect a weak heartbeat so feel for the pulse or lay a hand flat over the left side of the chest. If no heartbeat it is likely that death has occurred but it should be confirmed by another person. Cooling of the body does not indicate death because the body may have cooled of "medical conditions retarding circulation or by prolonged exposure." If death has occurred the body will become the same temperature of its surroundings. The cooling of the body can be different in the area were the body is. If it were found in the snow the body would cool much faster then if it was found on a hot day. If the body is found in room temperature and it is "cool and clammy" it is likely that death has occurred at least 12-24 hours before it was found. " The temperature of the body is affected by the environmental factors involved." The positive signs of death indicate that death has o ...

The global oil prices

The global oil prices The global oil prices have been rising each year, and this has been caused by the diminishing supply compared to the increasing supply. Any political or social disturbance to the countries which supply oil can affect the prices immensely. Syria is one of the oil suppliers to the US. Therefore, the fear of oil disruptions in Syria can send the prices up.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on The global oil prices specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The increase in oil prices has been caused by the increase in the number of people in need of oil. The demand has escalated while the supply has remained constant. In some instances, oil supply has declined, and this has caused the oil prices to increase. Syria is among the oil producing countries, and any disruptions can affect the global prices. Syria is among the global oil producers, and any political imbalances in the country can affect the global oil prices. On the other hand, the country is not a major oil consumer. Therefore, any crisis affecting the country can cause an increase in oil prices. This is because other oil producing countries will support in fighting the US. This will cause oil shortage because the major oil producing countries will be affected. The shortage in oil supply will definitely cause an increase in oil prices. When the US is involved in war, a lot of resources are spent. This increases the expenditure of the countries, and the GDP is affected. This scenario creates inflation in the country, and prices of commodities increase. Therefore, the price of oil, one of the e=basic commodities, is likely to increase. The spill-over effects of inflation in the US will be experienced in other countries due to international trade. In conclusion, the fear of oil disruptions in Syria can send the prices up because Syria is one of the oil producing countries. The economics of supply and demand have caused the increase in oil prices. Globa l inflation has also contributed to the increase in global oil prices.

Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals and LCD Displays Research Paper

Optical Properties of Liquid Crystals and LCD Displays - Research Paper Example The liquid crystals are used in various consumer audiovisual devices among other office gadgets such as calculators, cell phones, digital cameras, watches, stereos, clocks, laptop computers and other personal organizers. The LCDs are also applied as instruments information display in automobiles speedometers, clocks and navigation aids. Nevertheless, there are a number of competing display technologies such as the light emitting diodes (LEDs), the plasma displays (PDs), and the organic light-emitting diodes. Liquid crystal displays incorporate the unique properties of certain materials, nematic, selected smectic and cholesteric liquids. In certain liquid phases, the materials exhibit some electro-optic effects attributed to crystals. A typical liquid crystal display contains two electrodes or polarizer. A liquid crystal film material plugs the space between the two electrodes (Gu 2010, p. 6). Glass fibers are used as spacers that keep the thickness of the liquid crystals uniform within a range of 5Â µ to 10Â µ (Koide 2014, p. 86). The plates are also known as the polarizers, which are usually orientated at 900 to one another. The twisted phase commonly serves to reorient light that passes through the first plate, which consequently allows the transmission of the light through the second polarizer. When an electric field is applied to the liquid crystal layer, the molecular axes align parallel to the electric field and untwist. In such a state, light is not oriented making the polarized light from the first polarizer, which leads to loss of transparency with a further increase in voltage. This electric field property can be applied in making a pixel switch between the opaque and the transparent on command.

The Roman History of Cassius Dio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Roman History of Cassius Dio - Essay Example Suetonius and his work the â€Å"The lives of the twelve Caesars" gives us an insight into the character of Nero. While the emperor did not see any direct action in Britain, the causes for the revolt grew under his watch. Thus, one can argue that Nero's lack of concern or apathy towards the provinces and empire contributed to the revolt. As such, the main argument in favor of seeing Nero as responsible for the revolt is his lack of interest or complete disregard for the provinces. Accordingly, using the texts of the Dio, Tacitus, and Suetonius, this essay will first examine the circumstances surrounding the revolt of Boudicca and the manner in which Nero's behavior contributed towards it. The province of Britain did not have a very hostile population. In fact, Tacitus claims that "The Britons themselves submit to the levy, the tribute and the other charges of the empire with cheerful readiness†¦". Instead, the province, which was in charge of Suetonius Paulinus, revolted as a r esult of growing political and economic mistreatment by the Roman provincial administration. This reached a climax with the death of the King Prasutagus who ruled the Iceni autonomously. In his will, he divided his kingdom between Nero and his daughters in order to win approval with the imperial order. However, instead of winning favor, his queen, Boudicca, was flogged, his daughters ravaged and his family, along with those of other nobles were plundered. This incident, along with the abuses of the procurator and the governor, prompted Boudicca and a vast number of Britons to revolt. Further injustices against the Iceni included the takeover of their property by the procurator and the change in the status of their kingdom from autonomous to provincial. Furthermore, financial concessions made to the British earlier became void. Dio stated that the revolt cost approximately 80,000 Roman lives and almost destroyed the Ninth Legion.

Best Practices in Teaching Styles to Motivate ESL Students Essay

Best Practices in Teaching Styles to Motivate ESL Students - Essay Example Diverse research studies have been conducted in various fields of endeavor – from human behavioral courses in organizations to educational modules in traditional and ESL learning settings. There have been motivational theories that have evolved through time and aimed to determine which among the motivational factors facilitate or hinder the process of learning English as a Foreign Language (EFL). From a review of literature developed on the subject, there were studies that specifically aimed to determine the effectiveness of the motivational strategies in enhancing the academic performance and understanding of ESL students (Guilloteaux & Dornyei, 2008; Chen, Warden, & Chang, 2005; Lamb, 2007). After identifying the most effective factors, from the perspectives of students, the role of educators would be to put into practice these strategies that have been proven to be the most effective in facilitating ESL learning, on the premise that the most contemporary factors influencing the learning environment are taken into consideration. Briefly, the motivational factors that were identified to facilitate ESL learning are teachers’ style or methods, in conjunction with use of praise and acknowledgment (Lamb, 2007); instructional interventions applied by teachers (where 25 observational variables measuring the teachers’ motivational practices include: social chat, group work, effective praise, and tangible reward, among others (Guilloteaux & Dornyei, 2008, pp. 63-64); and group dynamics and group cohesiveness (Chang, 2010); among others. The teacher’s instructional approach is therefore crucial; but the ability of the teacher to gauge the students’ motivating drives must be of paramount concern in order for them to effectively apply motivating factors that facilitate, rather than inhibit, ESL learning. The 25 observational variables noted by Guilloteaux & Dornyei (2008) provides the conceptual framework for the current study, which at tempts to investigate the best teaching practices applied in an ESL course. These variables measuring the teachers’ motivational practice are enumerated below: 1. Social Chat 13. Pair Work 2. Signposting 14. Tangible Reward 3. Stating the Communicative Purpose or 15. Personalization Utility of the Activity 16. Element of Interest, Creativity, 4. Establishing Relevance Fantasy 5. Promoting Integrative Values 17. Intellectual Challenge 6. Promoting Instrumental Values 18. Tangible Task Product 7. Arousing Curiosity or Attention 19. Individual Competition 8. Scaffolding 20. Team Competition 9. Promoting Cooperation 21. Neutral Feedback 10. Promoting Autonomy 22. Process Feedback 11. Referential Questions 23. Elicitation of Self or Peer Correction 12. Group Work 24. Effective Praise 25. Class Applause Source: Guilloteaux & Dornyei, 2008, pp. 63-64 Research Questions The study would therefore be guided by the following research questions: 1. Which among the 25 variables are deemed most effective to motivate ESL students in contemporary settings? 2. What performance measures would significantly gauge the effectiveness of the best teaching strategies and approaches that motivate

To Kill a Mocking Bird

To Kill a Mocking Bird Significance of the Study This book, To Kill a Mocking Bird, not only does it entertain us but it gives us a brief understanding about the issues in our society such as racial and social discrimination. Through this book, we will be able to relate ourselves with the characters and open our eyes on the happenings of our society. This book will also give young readers understanding of the importance of equality and human rights. Statement of the Problem Specifically, the study will seek answers to the following problems: What were the different symbolisms presented in the novel? What is the relationship of each symbolism to the current issues faced by the people? What is the parenting style Atticus Finch? What relationship does he have with his children? How does he try to inspire conscience in them? Do the characters of Calpurnia and Tom Robinson represent a realistic black society? Scope and Limitation of the Study This paper shows how Lee Harper’s novel To Kill A Mocking Bird can be read as an innovative inversion of two interrelated narrative traditions, that of coming-of-age story, and Gothic, a sub-genre which developed in the late colonial fiction of the early twentieth century. Lees trademark ironic twist appears here as a cheap device that diminishes the complexity of what she has tried to build before. From a seemingly simple scenario of children adventures, Harper Lees To Kill a Mocking evolves into an exploration of racism, responsibility, love, and courage. In their efforts to discover the truth about inequality and discrimination in their town, the central narrator learns to act in a more adult way, even a more ladylike way, and to see the people around her as actual human beings as the opening lines figures prominently in the novel: kill all the blue jays you like but remember it’s a sin to kill a mocking bird. I chose this book, To Kill a Mocking Bird by Harper Lee, because I find it interesting to read. When I first saw it, I felt that it was something worth reading. It was worthy time. I am not really into reading books, but this made me change my perspective. Definition of Terms Akimbo-body position hands on hips, elbows bent outward Apoplectic-on the verge of having a stroke Arbor-an outdoor area shaded by trees Asafetida-strong smelling substance made from parsley that is often used in folk medicine Bantam cock a small agressive rooster Calomel-a laxative often used to rid a person of intestinal worms catawba worms-caterpillars; highly prized as fishbait in the American South changelings-a child secretly put in the place of another chiffarobe-a large cabinet with drawers and a place for hanging clothes collards-cabbage with very coarse, thick leaves cootie-slang term for a head louse dog-trot hall-a covered passageway between two parts of a building eddy-a whirlpool or current of water that moves against the current edification-instruction or education fey-strange or eccentric guile-craftiness and cunning habiliments-clothing haint-ghost or spook hookah-a tobacco pipe of Eastern origin that draws smoke through a bowl of water Jews Harp-small musical instrument played by plucking a piece of metal while holding the instrument to ones mouth. Kudzu-a large leafed quick-growing vine of the South Manacles-handcuffs morphodite (hermaphrodite)-Scout hears Miss Maudie call her and Jems snowman a morphodite. Miss Maudie most likely said hermaphrodite, which is an animal or plant with both male and female reproductive organs. Nome-no maam Obstreperous-noisy and unruly Palliate-to lessen pain roly-poly-a small bug that can turn itself into a ball. Also known as a pillbug rotogravure print-a kind of photograph ruttin -slang for having sexual intercourse scrip stamps-paper money of small denominations issued by government agencies for temporary emergency use; particularly common during the Great Depression scuppernongs-sweet grapes grown in the American South shinny-slang term for whiskey smockin-decorative stitching that gathers fabric widows walk-a platform with a rail around it built on the roof of a house, named for women who would stand on it and wait in vain for their husbands ships to return to port CHAPTER 2 Review of Related Studies To Kill a Mockingbird written by Harper Lee is a Pulitzer Prize winning novel, which gives an outlook of life through an innocent young girl’s eyes. The novel portrays and focused two main themes which are discrimination and racism. Racism is perhaps the main theme of the novel. It comes in as a subtle and open style that is being shown through actions and speeches. Racism in Maycomb takes mostly the form of having black people being discriminated by white people. A number of people in Maycomb are racist because they perceive Negroes as a disgraced race and are typically undependable and deceitful. The actions and speeches are most likely the most familiar forms of racism though the layout of Maycomb is of racial discrimination too. Racial discrimination happens also in our society today. Discrimination refersto a system of differential treatment and opportunities that can act on multiple levels to unfairly disadvantage groups of people because they hold certain characteristics (e.g., race, sex, religion, drug use, prior incarceration) that are negatively construed (JaryJary, 1995; Jones, 2000, 2003).The impact of discrimination on other marginalized and stigmatized groups such as substance users is beginning to receive closer attention. Although investigations of discrimination and its relation to mental health among drug users is sparse, there is evidence of an independent association between racially and non–racially based discrimination and higher prevalence of depression and lower mental health scores among substance users (Ahern, Stuber, Galea, 2007; Stuber et al., 2008). Prejudice is also depicted in various forms in the novel. A number of characters in the novel suffer from prejudice and discrimination due to age, social status, sex and gender.Racism seems to be as normal to the people in the story as breathing. At the beginning of the novel, Scout, Jem and Dill choose to take a glimpse into the window of the Boo Radley. They made noises which alert, Boos older brother, Nathan Radley who fires his gun to scare them off which awakens the people. When the crowd gathers into where the event happened, they immediately thought that a black was the prowler. When they ask if the intruder had been shot, Miss Stephanie gives the following reply. Shot in the air. Scared him pale, though.Says if anybody sees a white nigger around, thats the one. (Lee 54). Racial insults are normal and have always been included in the natural conversation among the people in Maycomb. IT is enunciated as casually as if she were talking about the weather. Current readers may be s urprised, perhaps shocked by this unconcealed racism, but Leeclearly illustrates how acceptable this behavior in the society was back in the 1930s. According to Turneyet. al (2014), The impact of discrimination on other marginalized and stigmatized groups such as substance users is beginning to receive closer attention. Although investigations of discrimination and its relation to mental health among drug users is sparse, there is evidence of an independent association between racially and non–racially based discrimination and higher prevalence of depression and lower mental health scores among substance users (Ahern, Stuber, Galea, 2007; Stuber et al., 2008). There can be a possibility that discrimination may manifest inversely within diverse types of social atmospheres. For example, neighborhood characteristics have been shown to be independently associated with levels of depression (Beard et al., 2009; Cutrona, Wallace, Wesner, 2006; Galea et al., 2007) and reports of racial discrimination (Dailey, Kasl, Holford, Lewis, Jones, 2010). The inequality of racism becomes deceptive when Tom Robinson, a black man is accused of raping MayellaEwell, a white woman. Even with the absence of evidence, the town and jury is averse to take the statement of a black man over the accusers, MayellaEwell and Bob Ewell. In the event where Scout is verbally attacked because her father’s decision in taking the caseof Tom Robinson, she becomes furious, resulting to physical violence directed to others. Probably this is the start of her realization of how infuriating it must be to be prejudiced and judged for something you cannot control. Scout could not command anymore who her father defended than somebody who could decide on their race. Then, Scout recognizes the feeling of being judged as she suffers scoffs and taunts. Discrimination has a direct effect on the behavior of the individual as seen in the actions of Scout from the taunts and mocks of her classmates. Not only it affect the behavior of an individual but as well as to the mental and physical health of a person. Several factors have been employed to explain the disparities that exist concerning the health of Black men, including racial discrimination, income inequalities, lack of insurance, poor health behaviors, difficulty in obtaining care, and mistrust of health care providers (Dressler, Oths, Gravlee, 2005; Rich, 2000; Williams, 2003). Experiences of discrimination have been associated with a number of negative psychological outcomes, including depression (KarlsenNazroo,2002; Williams, Takeuchi, Adair, 1992), psychological distress (Gee, 2002; Jacksonet al., 1996; Sellers, 2001), and decreased self-esteem (Diaz, Ayala, Bein, Henne, Marin, 2001; Verkuyten, 1998). Discrimination is a major theme in the novel and according the study conducted by Angobung (2011), he claimed that according to St. Thomas discrimination is a violation of the common good. A particular act of injustice that is deliberate thought, word, deed, desire, and omission clearly manifests an act that is contrary to right reason. Unfortunately, discrimination in the society is normally unconsciously accepted in the society. Pearson et. al. (2009), arguethat current racial attitudes of Whites toward Blacks in the United States are fundamentally ambivalent, characterizedby a widespread contemporary form of racial prejudice, aversive racism, that is manifested in subtle and indirect ways, and illustrate its operation across a wide range of settings, from employment and legal decisions, to group problem-solving and everyday helping behavior.

Children Are Influenced by T.V. :: Media Argumentative Persuasive Argument

Children Are Influenced by T.V.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When children are young, they tend to act different than when they are older. They are not mature yet and are still easily influenced.   Little kids are usually very easily influenced by their surroundings.   Whether it is television, friends, family members, or just plain strangers, everyone and everything are influences on a little kid.   I believe that young boys are usually more easily influenced than young girls.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  First, one influence that has a major effect on children's behavior is television.   Believe it or not, T.V. plays a big role in how kids act. Shows like the Power Rangers and Beetleborgs can make boys violent and want to fight.   Girls are not so easily influenced by television as boys are. Although there are some girls that want to fight along with the boys, for the most part, girls do not like those types of shows.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Along with television, children may also be influenced by people they don't know.   Although most children are taught not to talk to strangers, we would be surprised how many actually do.   Studies have shown that both boys and girls do talk to strangers, but boys are more likely to do what a stranger tells them than girls are.   A lot of young boys are easily deceived.   Girls, on the other hand, are more cautious.   Even when girls are young, they are still weary of trusting people they don't know. There are, of course, exceptions to every rule.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Finally, kids are most influenced by their parents and their friends. Because friends and family members are people that kids trust, they tend to want to be like them.   Parents play a big role in a child's life.   If a kid sees his/her parents fight all the time at home, it will probably make the child violent or secluded.   If a kid hears his friends cuss all the time, then he/she will probably start cussing too.   If a child, whether it be a boy or a girl, places a lot of trust in a person, every

Things Fall Apart (Coming of White Men)

Thing Fall Apart Chinua Achebe Discuss how the coming of the White men makes Umuofia â€Å"fall apart†. Make reference to the religious, economic, political and social impact of the British culture on the traditions of the clan. As the novel opens, we get to know Umuofia, one of Igbo’s nine villages, as an organized but somehow different civilization. Chinua Achebe portrays life in this village as rough and harsh, conveying to the readers that only brave men would succeed in it. As said before, even though these civilizations are stereotyped and seen as primitive, we can clearly see that their lives are completely balanced between faith and order.It is actually astonishing to see how such a different way of life, to what we think and see as the normal life, may be as much or even more organized than ours. Even though both civilization are completely organized and function perfectly well, they could never live together in harmony. One would end up consuming the other as they were not meant to coexist. We may think we are educating and helping â€Å"uncivilized men†, but we are actually disintegrating their beliefs, their organization, their politics and their language. We are not aiding them, but destroying their religion and their society.We are, in other words, banishing their culture. A culture that will be lost forever. Hence, we may say, that in many ways the coming of White men made Umuofia â€Å"fall apart†. To begin with, the coming of the white men made Umuofia fell apart as their religion was greatly affected. The village of Umuofia was sustained by their beliefs and their gods, who criticized and punished the lazy men and those who were not worthy of worshipping them. Therefore the coming of a new monotheist and more peaceful religion brought huge changes in some of Umuofia’s most important traditions.These white men questioned most of Umuofia’s beliefs such as the dangers that inhabited the evil forest by set ting their livings there. This first action brought great controversy in the clan as people thought that whoever stayed in the forest for a certain period of time would painfully die. The resistance these white men showed to that â€Å"evil force† led many people to get interested in the new religion. People suddenly began questioning their own beliefs and traditions, questioning why they should venerate gods who were bound to punish, and not one God who was merciful towards humanity.The village divided in to those who remained steadfast to their traditions, and those who began to adopt the new ones. Society completely turned over after these events. Those who turned into Christianity were seen as the elite of the society. The clan was getting weaker and weaker every day, as more and more people turned into Christianity. The time soon come that the clansmen had not enough forces to control the missionaries. They should have reacted before, but only the exiled Okonkwo was brav e enough to face the white men.Hence, we may conclude that the imposition of a new religion severely damaged the village by, splitting it in two, reducing their forces and their willing to fight, and proving most of their beliefs false. Summarizing this, it massively weakened the most powerful and feared clan of the nine villages. Economically, Umuofia was also affected by the arrival of white men. Hitherto, Umuofia had presented us a hierarchical society, were men who showed to be brave, hard workers and strong enough, occupied the highest places in society, while lazy and unmanly men were found at the bottom of the pyramid.Since, the missionaries arrived, things turned around, the lazy and humble men who decided to accept and worship the new god began to get richer and richer, while the hard worker farmers were left behind. Money began circulating in the tribe but only those who turned into Christianity had it. Hence, no one interested in trading, and so, farmers were getting poor er every day. We may say that Umuofia was not destroyed economically but it was greatly affected, some suffered a lot of it, but some others were benefited by these changes. The arrival of the white men also led to massive changes in the village’s politics.They subjected the villagers to their own judicial system and rules, imposing an extremely different and harsh government over them. As white men didn’t respect nor understand the clan’s customs, many men were punished for following their â€Å"uncivilized† traditions. In chapter twenty one Okonkwo discusses with Obierika about Aneto, who was recently hanged by the government after he killed a man with whom he had a dispute. Clearly the new ruling system didn’t take into account old customs. It is completely correct actually, to punish a murderer, or any kind of criminal, but by doing so we are destroying their customs and their traditions.When Enoch unmasked an Egwugwu, considered to be the high est possible crime in Umuofia, the church did nothing, as again, they didn’t respect their customs. Unmasking an Egwugwu in Umuofia is as much or even more harsh than killing a man is for the white men, it can only be compared with killing a god. Once again, the new government doesn’t punish this event. This is a great example of how, Umuofia was left weak and subjected to the white men ruling. We can see now, that they are not trying to make Umuofia a more civilized village, but a more British one.Hence we may conclude that by imposing a new government who ignores their customs, the coming of the white men are making Umuofia fall apart. Finally, culturally Umuofia also fell apart thanks to the arrival of the white man. The new comers introduced a school, which taught their own rules, their beliefs, and their culture. They educated younger villagers that way, so that they could later control them more easily. They were kind of brain washed to believe and trust whatever they do. Education is not bad, of course, but they were not educating them to be better and more intelligent villagers, they were educating them to be other persons.They changed their minds. Young boys were dragged out of farming into the school. In other words, they were dragged out of their lives, from whom they really are. Another cultural change imposed by the white men were hospitals, we can’t say that’s something bad, but that is not how Umuofia is. When we say that it â€Å"fell apart†, we are not actually saying that everything went wrong for them, that all changes were bad. Some, like the introduction of hospitals in the tribe, were actually a massive improvement.Indeed, some of the politics imposed do try to make Umuofia a â€Å"safer† place, where killing is punished, and leaving twins in the forest to die is seen as an abomination. That’s perfectly fine, they may be improving in some ways their lives, but the culture, the old tradition s, their beliefs, everything was lost. Everything Umuofia was, suddenly banished. Everything it represented, their gods, their traditions, and their culture were destroyed. Nobody left to defend their customs, nobody left to respect them. Only memories were left of Okonkwo, Umuofia and their old lives. Everything Umuofia was†¦ fell apart.

The Meanings and Variations of Mother

The Meanings and Variations of Mother The Meanings and Variations of Mother The Meanings and Variations of Mother By Mark Nichol Mother derives from the Old English term modor, which is cognate with the Latin word mater and the Greek word meter. (From the Latin term such words as maternal and maternity are derived.) The term refers not only to a female parent but also to a woman in authority, such as the head of a women’s religious community; it was also long employed as a respectful term of address for an elderly woman (as in â€Å"Mother Goose†), though this use is almost obsolete. It may also apply to an origin, precursor, or source, as in the expression â€Å"Necessity is the mother of invention.† A stepmother is a woman who marries one of one’s parents, and a mother-in-law is the mother of one’s spouse. Motherly describes maternal behavior, and motherlike alludes to a resemblance to the qualities of a mother. Motherhood describes the quality or state of being a mother. The verb mother pertains to the act of producing biological or figurative offspring. Motherland describes one’s home country, although the term is most prevalent in Russia and adjacent nations as well as some in the Near East and seldom used elsewhere. Mother Nature is the maternal personification of nature as the source of all that exists in the natural world. Mother also appears in a compound word ending with an obscene term; in this form and by itself it can be, depending on context, a mild epithet or an extreme insult. Open compounds that include the term mother include â€Å"earth mother† (meaning â€Å"a maternal figure†) â€Å"mother cell† (â€Å"a cell in an organism that produces usually different types of cells†), â€Å"mother hen† (â€Å"an overly protective person†), â€Å"mother lode† (â€Å"a primary mineral lode or vein† or â€Å"a primary source or supply†), â€Å"mother wit† (â€Å"natural intelligence or wit†), and â€Å"mother ship† (â€Å"a ship that serves smaller vessels†). â€Å"Refrigerator mother,† a label once applied to cold, distant, unmaternal mothers, was coined as part of a since-rejected theory for the cause of autism. A stage mother, meanwhile, is one who pressures a child to participate in the performing arts and demands special treatment for him or her; the term is derogatory, with the implication that a she is living vicariously through the child. Compounds employing the informal variant mom include â€Å"helicopter mom,† which describes an overly protective mother, as well as â€Å"soccer mom,† a sometimes pejorative term for a specific demographic- a suburban mother who pushes her children to participate in extracurricular activities such as youth soccer leagues- and the related phrase â€Å"hockey mom,† which pertains to inhabitants of geographic regions where ice hockey is prevalent. Expressions that use the term mother follow: a face only a mother could love: said of an unattractive person at (one’s) mother’s knee: alluding to learning something as a child every mother’s son: an evocative way of saying â€Å"everyone† everybody/everyone and (one’s) mother: a hyperbolic expression referring to a crowd the mother of all (blank): a hyperbolic reference to the best or greatest of a type of thing swear/swore on (one’s) mother’s grave: a hyperbolic reference to a solemn confirmation that one is telling the truth because of the association with the sanctity of a parent’s gravesite tied to (one’s) mother’s apron strings: said of a man who has not asserted his independence from his mother Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Bare or Bear With Me?5 Brainstorming Strategies for Writers20 Classic Novels You Can Read in One Sitting

Why Astrology Lost Its Place in the Academic World

Why Astrology Lost Its Place in the Academic World Hashtag: #Signos (Portuguese for â€Å"Signs†) Through most of its history, astrology, a study of zodiac signs and its influence on our growth, personalities, and daily lives was highly regarded as â€Å"science†, a discipline that is closely associated with astronomy and mathematics.   A scholarly tradition, astrology was then accepted in political and academic contexts and a valuable system for a predicting astronomical event in many cultures throughout the centuries.   For instance, since the Arabs during the 10th century believed that the motions of celestial bodies affect life on earth and future events can be predicted by studying their movements, they were advanced in these areas and made significant contributions to the science of astronomy. Wearing the Trappings of Science Astrology was popular and continued to flourish during the 11th century. The Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans were also active in this field and built exceptional observatories to improve observation and understanding of celestial bodies. Sophisticated astronomical instruments such as the â€Å"astrolabe† (left image) were developed to enhance observation of the sky, calculation of latitudes, time and motion of the sun, stars, and the signs of the zodiac, and boost the accuracy of astrologer’s prediction. However, the legitimacy of the study that is now recognized as â€Å"pseudoscience† or a belief system that is â€Å"incorrectly presented as scientific†, was called into question by 17th-century scientific concepts and astronomical models.   In particular, the heliocentric model of the solar system where the Earth and other planets revolve around the Sun, significantly affect the credibility of the traditional geocentric (Earth-centered solar system) chart where the position of the zodiacal signs and horoscope are based. Read more information here: Unacceptable Words in Academic World Academic and Intellectual Credentials Why the South Lost the Civil War Computer Science Thesis The Scientific Basis for Defining Seasons Zodiac Signs and Horoscope Are not Science According to literature, although astrology relies on a scientific tool and complex mathematics such as those used to measure planetary motion in astronomy, the study is not a reliable predictive tool as it does not adhere to any valid scientific method and cannot be accurately tested.   Moreover, since astrology fails to abide by the standards of evidence or characteristic of most legitimate science, it eventually lost its place in the academic world.   The scientific community also disowned astrology, as it cannot provide a precise explanation on how the positions of celestial objects could actually affect people and influence events on our planet. Astrology according to Karl Popper lacks falsifiability or refutability, the ability that separates science from non-science.   Contrary to Popper, Thomas Kuhn argued that the non-empirical process and concepts involved in astrology make it unscientific. This is because failed predictions and inability to explain why horoscope fails do not necessarily make them violators of scientific principles. In reality, since astrology is not amenable research (see Research Paper), most astrologers do not investigate and merely adhere to rules and guidelines for a field of study fraught with known limitations. Instead of correcting a failure and revising a flawed astrological hypothesis in a meaningful way, most astrologers explain away failures.   According to Kuhn, even if the stars actually influence human lives and the world around us, individuals who do not solve puzzles are not practitioners of science.   Similarly, due to the presence of numerous fallacious logic and poor reasoning in astrological literature, philosopher Edward James view astrology as an irrational field of study. For instance, most astrological writings in James analysis are not coherent, blatant, uncorroborated by evidence, reluctant to pursue arguments, no sense of a hierarchy of reasons and incapable of satisfying the demands of legitimate reasoning.

Wine bar project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Wine bar project - Essay Example The market survey and customer interviews that have been conducted provided the most important data needed for this business plan. The written plan highlights the executive overview of the marketing strategies to be adopted in order to increase the market feasibility of wine trading. The quality of the product and the strategies for the business are very crucial in the growth of any business. According to Marry-Colleen Tinney, â€Å"Wine consumers in the Unites States are evolving. Unlike in decades past, consumers’ today are more comfortable with wine as an every day luxury, are more confident with their choices and are willing to explore the category more fully than ever before. The more you bring up different options, the more consumers are going to make them a part of their purchasing decisions. Within the past five years the wine occasion has become more casual as consumers are enjoying wine as part of every day life.† (Tinney, 2007). The customers have the habit of experimenting with the varieties of wine and new products in the market. The National Restaurant Association reports â€Å"that 46 percent of adults patronize an eating establishment on typical day, resulting in approximately 50 billion meals eaten out nationwide.† (Suffolk County Department of Health Services). As the retail price of imported wines has dropped, perceptions of wine h ave changed from solely for special occasions to more daily consumption habits. This has driven an increasing consumer consciousness of price and quality and overall education about wine. By utilizing this opportunity wine bar with catering service will successfully operate in Suffolk County. After locating the premises of choice, it is crucial to obtain permits and license from health authorities and New York State Liquor authority before opening a Wine Bar in Suffolk

Patricia Benners Nursing Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Patricia Benners Nursing Theory - Essay Example This is an excellent perception in the field of nursing and draws on concepts from Nightingale as well which make it even more powerful. The main points of this research with regard to this theory will emphasize that patients deserve the best quality of care that can be given and nurses can only do this by drawing upon the knowledge and experiences that they have gained through clinical areas and on into areas of more pronounced nursing care from their past as well. All of these experiences help the nurse become better attuned to her nursing duties and more prepared to know what to do in times of great stress also. As the conclusion will point out, sharing this knowledge with other nurses and medical professionals is what strengthens the nursing care that patients are meant to receive. It helps the knowledge and acquired skills to grow, moving certain forms of nursing over from novice care givers to care givers who are full of excellence and continue to grow in order to provide even more improved supportive services to those who need it the most. Patricia Benner states "Knowledge development in a practice discipline consists of extending practical knowledge (know-how) through theory based scientific investigations and through the charting of the existent know how developed through clinical experience i... Benner's theory expects nursing to gradually improve the care we provide through academics and experience. She also believes that nursing only benefits if that knowledge learned is shared. Processes can only be improved with the knowledge of what is wrong. Clinicians and leaders should develop programs in their facility to allow for discussion of patient observation, mistakes and mishap to enhance the clinical judgment of the entire nursing staff. Following a strategic theorization such as Benner's emphasizes the power to minimize medical mistakes and errors resulting from misguided care, especially due to the fact that much of the knowledge is shared among the medical practicing team (American Nurses Association 2000). Such accidents are errors that could be avoided, which are considered to be sentinel events that stem from an unexpected occurrence involving death or serious physical or psychological injury, or the risk thereof due to lack of knowledge, experience, or even shared knowledge among the nursing staff (Ballard 2002). Benner's theory defines that the top recommendation for nursing leaders is to come to the forefront and recognize errors and near misses as learning tools to prevent future errors. The basic premise is that nurses do not go to work to harm patients, but the processes that are in place put everyone at a greater risk. This shows that this theory focuses heavily on patient safety and the concerns of the patient; as well it should since there are so many errors that take place in the medical environment in current day (Institute of Medicine 2000). For instance, in terms of lives lost, patient safety is as important an issue as worker safety. Every year, over 6,000 Americans di e from